Finance Ministers:
Liaquat Khan - 1946-47
John Mathai - 1948-49
RK Shanmugam Chetty - 1949-51
Chinataman Rao Deshmukh - 1951-57
TT Krishnamachari - 57-58
Jawaharlal Nehru - 58-59
Morarji Desai - 59-64
TT Krishnamachari - 64-67
Morarji Desai - 67-70
Indira Gandhi - 70-71
Yashwanthrao Chavan - 71-75
C Subramaniam - 75-77
Morarji Desai - 77-79
Choudary Charan singh - 79-80
Ramaswamy venkatraman - 80-82
Pranab Mukherjee - 82-85
VP Singh - 85-87
SB Chavan - 87-90
Madhu Dandavate - 90-91
Dr Manmohan Singh - 91-96
P Chidambaram - 96-98
Yashwanth Sinha - 98-2002
Jaswanth Singh - 2002-2004
P Chidambaram - 2004-2009
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Prime Ministers:
Jawaharlal Nehru - 47-64 (Allahabad) - phulpur - allahabad
Gulzari lal nanda - 64-64 - bombay - maharashtra
Lal Bahadur shastri - 64-66 - allahabad - uttar pradesh
Gulzarilal Nanda - 66-66 - Bombay - maharashtra
Indira Gandhi - 66-77 - Rae Bareli - uttar pradesh, medak - andhra pradesh
Morarji desai - 77-79 - janata party - surat - gujarat
Choudary charan singh - 79-80 - janata party - baghpat - uttar pradesh
Indira gandhi - 80-84 - Rae bareli, medak
Rajiv gandhi - 84-89 - Amethi - uttar pradesh
VP Singh - 89-90 - janata dal - Fatehpur - uttar pradesh
Chandrasekhar - 90-91 - Ballia - uttar pradesh
PV Narasimha rao - 91-96 - Nandyal - andhra pradesh
AB Vajpayee - 96-96 - Lucknow, Uttar pradesh
HD Deve Gowda - 96-97 - kanakapura, hassan - karnataka - janata dal
Inder Kumar Gujaral - 97-98 - Jalandhar - Punjab - janata dal
AB Vajpayee - 98-2004 - Lucknow, Uttar pradesh
Dr Manmohan singh - 2004-2009 - State of assam in the upper house of rajya sabha
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deputy PMs of India:
Sardar Patel - 47-50
Morarji Desai - 67-69
Choudary charan singh and jagjivan ram jointly - 1979
yashwanthrao chavan 79-80
chaudari devi lal - 89-90
chaudari devi lal - 90-91
LK Advani - 2002-2004
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Presidents of India:
Dr Rajendra prasad - 1950-62
Sarvepalli radhakrishnan - 62-67
zakir hussain - 67-69
VV Giri - 69
Muhammad Hidayatullah - 69
VV Giri - 69-74
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad - 74-77
BD Jatti - 77
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy - 77-82
Zail singh - 82-87
ramaswamy venkataraman - 87-92
shankar dayal sharma - 92-97
KR Narayanan - 97-2002
APJ Abdul Kalam - 2002-2007
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Speakers of Indian Parliament:
GV Mavalankar
MA Ayyangar
Sardar Hukam singh
N Sajiva reddy
GS Dhillon
Bali ram bhagat
N Sanjiva reddy
KS Hedge
Balram jakhar
rabi ray
shivraj patil
PA Sangma
GMC Balayogi
Manohar joshi
Somnath Chatterjee
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Chief Election commissioners:
Sukumar Sen - 50-58
KVK Sundaram - 58-67
SP Sen Verma - 67-72
Dr Nagendra singh - 72-73
T Swaminathan - 73-77
SL Shakdhar - 77-82
RK Trivedi - 82-85
RVS Peri Sastri - 86-90
VS Ramadevi - 90
TN Seshan - 90-96
MS Gill - 96-2001
JM Lyngdoh - 2001-2004
TS Krishnamurthy - 2004-2005
BB Tandon - 2005-2006
N Gopalaswami - 2006 - present
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Monday, May 28, 2007
Friday, May 25, 2007
Cities - Rivers
Alexandria - Egypt - Nile
Amsterdam - Netherlands - Amstel
Baghdad - Iraq - Tigris
Bangkok - Thailand - Chao Phraya
Belgrade - Yugoslavia - Danube, Sava
Berlin - Germany - Spree, Havel
Bogota - Colombia - Bogota
Brazaville - Congo
Brussels - Belgium - Senne
Budapest - Hungary - Danube
Buenos Aires - Argentina - Rio De La Plata
Cairo - Egypt - Nile
Calcutta - India - Hugli
Damascus - Syria - Barada
Delhi - India - Yamuna
Dublin - Ireland - Liffey
Glasgow - Clyde
Ho Chi Min City - Vietnam - Saigon
Hong Kong - China -Pearl
Jakarta - Indonesia - Liwung
Kiev - Ukraine - Dnieper
Lisbon - Portugal - Tagus
Lima - Peru - Rimac
Limerick - Ireland - Shannon
London - UK - Thames
Madrid - Spain - Manzanares
Manaus - Amazon
Melborne - Australia - Yarra
Montreal - Canada - St. Lawrence
Moscow - Russia - Moskva
Paris - France - Seine
Perth - Swan
Pittsburg - USA -Ohio
Prague - Czech Republic - Moldau
Rome - Italy - Tiber
Rhodes - Elbe
Saint Petersburg - Russia - Neva
Santiago - Chile - Mapocho
Sao Paolo - Brazil -Tiete
Seoul - South Korea - Han
Shanghai - China - Huangpu
Tokyo - Japan - Sumida
Turin - Po
Vancouver - Canada - Fraser
Vienna - Austria - Danube, Donau
Warsaw - Poland - Vistula
Zagreb - Croatia - Sava
Zurich - Switzerland - Limmat, Sihl
Please add more river-city pairs to this!!! ...
Amsterdam - Netherlands - Amstel
Baghdad - Iraq - Tigris
Bangkok - Thailand - Chao Phraya
Belgrade - Yugoslavia - Danube, Sava
Berlin - Germany - Spree, Havel
Bogota - Colombia - Bogota
Brazaville - Congo
Brussels - Belgium - Senne
Budapest - Hungary - Danube
Buenos Aires - Argentina - Rio De La Plata
Cairo - Egypt - Nile
Calcutta - India - Hugli
Damascus - Syria - Barada
Delhi - India - Yamuna
Dublin - Ireland - Liffey
Glasgow - Clyde
Ho Chi Min City - Vietnam - Saigon
Hong Kong - China -Pearl
Jakarta - Indonesia - Liwung
Kiev - Ukraine - Dnieper
Lisbon - Portugal - Tagus
Lima - Peru - Rimac
Limerick - Ireland - Shannon
London - UK - Thames
Madrid - Spain - Manzanares
Manaus - Amazon
Melborne - Australia - Yarra
Montreal - Canada - St. Lawrence
Moscow - Russia - Moskva
Paris - France - Seine
Perth - Swan
Pittsburg - USA -Ohio
Prague - Czech Republic - Moldau
Rome - Italy - Tiber
Rhodes - Elbe
Saint Petersburg - Russia - Neva
Santiago - Chile - Mapocho
Sao Paolo - Brazil -Tiete
Seoul - South Korea - Han
Shanghai - China - Huangpu
Tokyo - Japan - Sumida
Turin - Po
Vancouver - Canada - Fraser
Vienna - Austria - Danube, Donau
Warsaw - Poland - Vistula
Zagreb - Croatia - Sava
Zurich - Switzerland - Limmat, Sihl
Please add more river-city pairs to this!!! ...
Wednesday, May 23, 2007
Revolutions around the world
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tulip Revolution:
This refers to the overthrow of the President Askar Akayev and his government in the Central Asian republic of Kyrgzstan after the parliamentary elections in 2005
In the early stages, this reolvution used to be called as Pink, Yellow, Lemon, Silk, Daffodil, Sandpaper revolutions and finally, it was called the Tulip revolution
though seems to be a non-violent revolution, there are instances of violence at many places
Supported by the youth resistence KelKel
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bulldozer Revolution or the 5th october Revolution:
relates to the series of events that occured in 2000 in the Federal republic of Yugoslavia culminating with the downfall of Slobadan Milosevic - Serbia
one of the peaceful revolutions that happened - characteristic of the color revolutions
other characteristics - anti-communistic, more of student involvement, overthrowing an authoritative govt or president, almost every revolution has inspired the subsequent revolutions
Student organizations were a major part of these - like the Otpor
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rose Revolution:
Happened in Georgia following the disputed 2003 elections led to the overthrow of Eduard Shevardnadze and his replacement by Mikhail Saakashvilii
supported by the civic resistence movement of Kmara
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Orange Revolution:
Occured in Ukraine in 2004 following the disputed second round of elections for the President and led to the annulment of the election results and leader of the opposition Viktor Yushchenko was declared the President
This revolution was supported by Pora
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cedar Revolution:
In lebanon in 2005 - started after the assasination of the leader of opposition Rafik Hariri in 2005 but the primary goal of the revolution was the withdrawl of the Syrian troops
not a color revolution though and so doesnt have its characterstics
Cedar is the symbol of the country and hence the name of the revolution
White and Red colors are also used which are a part of the Lebanese Flag
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Purple Revolution:
Coming of democracy in Iraq - term first used by the United States of America following the 2005 Iraqi general elections
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Blue Revolution:
refer to demonstrations in Kuwait in support of Women's suffrage beginning in 2005 - named after the color of the signs the protestors have used. in 2007, the women suffrage was accepted and so this is a successful revolution
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Velvet Revolution:
refers to the non-violent revolution in Czechslovakia and saw the overthrow of the Lenin-Marxist government
Occured in 1989
General elections followed the revolution after 40 years with a non-communist government
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other related movements in other countries:
Armenia - revolution from below! -but no color - 2005
Azerbaijan - Yox - a student movement - chose green as its color - 2005
Belarus - against President Alexander Lukanshenko with the student group Zubr - 2005
used White-Red as the color -also called Jeans Revolution or Denim Revolution
Moldovo - Grape revolution in 2005 by the opposition - does not materialize finally!
Mongolia - against the 2005 elections of the parliament
Russia - Oborona Youth movement
Uzbekistan - opposition to the president Islom Karimov - Farmer's Revolution
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Carnation Revolution:
It was an almost bloodless, leftist, military-led, 1974 in Lisbon, Portugal, that effectively changed the Portuguese regime from an authoritarian dictatorship to a liberal democracy.
It was the end of the Estado Novo, the longest authoritarian regime in Western Europe (but not the last to end; Francisco Franco ruled Spain until his death in 1975).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tulip Revolution:
This refers to the overthrow of the President Askar Akayev and his government in the Central Asian republic of Kyrgzstan after the parliamentary elections in 2005
In the early stages, this reolvution used to be called as Pink, Yellow, Lemon, Silk, Daffodil, Sandpaper revolutions and finally, it was called the Tulip revolution
though seems to be a non-violent revolution, there are instances of violence at many places
Supported by the youth resistence KelKel
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Bulldozer Revolution or the 5th october Revolution:
relates to the series of events that occured in 2000 in the Federal republic of Yugoslavia culminating with the downfall of Slobadan Milosevic - Serbia
one of the peaceful revolutions that happened - characteristic of the color revolutions
other characteristics - anti-communistic, more of student involvement, overthrowing an authoritative govt or president, almost every revolution has inspired the subsequent revolutions
Student organizations were a major part of these - like the Otpor
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rose Revolution:
Happened in Georgia following the disputed 2003 elections led to the overthrow of Eduard Shevardnadze and his replacement by Mikhail Saakashvilii
supported by the civic resistence movement of Kmara
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Orange Revolution:
Occured in Ukraine in 2004 following the disputed second round of elections for the President and led to the annulment of the election results and leader of the opposition Viktor Yushchenko was declared the President
This revolution was supported by Pora
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cedar Revolution:
In lebanon in 2005 - started after the assasination of the leader of opposition Rafik Hariri in 2005 but the primary goal of the revolution was the withdrawl of the Syrian troops
not a color revolution though and so doesnt have its characterstics
Cedar is the symbol of the country and hence the name of the revolution
White and Red colors are also used which are a part of the Lebanese Flag
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Purple Revolution:
Coming of democracy in Iraq - term first used by the United States of America following the 2005 Iraqi general elections
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Blue Revolution:
refer to demonstrations in Kuwait in support of Women's suffrage beginning in 2005 - named after the color of the signs the protestors have used. in 2007, the women suffrage was accepted and so this is a successful revolution
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Velvet Revolution:
refers to the non-violent revolution in Czechslovakia and saw the overthrow of the Lenin-Marxist government
Occured in 1989
General elections followed the revolution after 40 years with a non-communist government
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Other related movements in other countries:
Armenia - revolution from below! -but no color - 2005
Azerbaijan - Yox - a student movement - chose green as its color - 2005
Belarus - against President Alexander Lukanshenko with the student group Zubr - 2005
used White-Red as the color -also called Jeans Revolution or Denim Revolution
Moldovo - Grape revolution in 2005 by the opposition - does not materialize finally!
Mongolia - against the 2005 elections of the parliament
Russia - Oborona Youth movement
Uzbekistan - opposition to the president Islom Karimov - Farmer's Revolution
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The Carnation Revolution:
It was an almost bloodless, leftist, military-led, 1974 in Lisbon, Portugal, that effectively changed the Portuguese regime from an authoritarian dictatorship to a liberal democracy.
It was the end of the Estado Novo, the longest authoritarian regime in Western Europe (but not the last to end; Francisco Franco ruled Spain until his death in 1975).
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tuesday, May 22, 2007
All other points at one place
All the questions that does not as of now come under any definite topic are populated here...
Article 48A, 21, 14, 51A(g) and Part IVA of the Indian Constitution gives importance to the ecology and environment rather than for economic and infrastructure development
Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala is the first district in India to ban beggary
Elysee Palace is the house of the French President
SM Sikri is the Chief Justice of the supreme court when the controversial Kesavanand Bharati case is discussed in 1973 - it is decided in this case that the basic structure of the constitution cannot be amemded reversing the previous verdict in the Golak Nath case in 1967
HR Khanna is the main figure who decided the fate of the case
AN Ray is the next chief justice in to force the next day after the kesavanand verdict
PN Bhagvati is the chief justice in 1980 when the minerva mills case is discussed
the new company of the merge of Air india and indian airlines will be called Air India with Maharaja as its mascot and will be called National Airline company limited
the logo is the centaur - the flying swan
Article 48A, 21, 14, 51A(g) and Part IVA of the Indian Constitution gives importance to the ecology and environment rather than for economic and infrastructure development
Thiruvananthapuram in Kerala is the first district in India to ban beggary
Elysee Palace is the house of the French President
SM Sikri is the Chief Justice of the supreme court when the controversial Kesavanand Bharati case is discussed in 1973 - it is decided in this case that the basic structure of the constitution cannot be amemded reversing the previous verdict in the Golak Nath case in 1967
HR Khanna is the main figure who decided the fate of the case
AN Ray is the next chief justice in to force the next day after the kesavanand verdict
PN Bhagvati is the chief justice in 1980 when the minerva mills case is discussed
the new company of the merge of Air india and indian airlines will be called Air India with Maharaja as its mascot and will be called National Airline company limited
the logo is the centaur - the flying swan
Monday, May 14, 2007
Indian Army
Largest Branch of Armed Forces in India
Only persons to get Field Marshall in Indian Army, the highest honor - SHFJ Manekshah and KM Cariappa
Previously, the British Indian Army and after independence changed to Indian Army
Helped in
First war with Pakistan in 1948
Liberation of Hyderabad - 1948
Participation in UN Peace keeping forces
Goa, Daman and Diu operation against Portugal in 1961 - Operation Vijay
Indo china conflict - 1962
Indo-pakistan war of 1965 (against pak's Operation Gibraltar and Operation Grand Slam)
Bangladesh Liberation War 1971
Counter Insurgency Activities (Operation Bluestar and Operation Woodrose)
Kargil Operation 1999
Operation Parakram for countering the attack on the Indian Parliament
Operation Sanghe Shakti
Exercise Aswamedha - network centric warfare capabilities
Army HQ is at New Delhi
Southern Command - Pune
Central Command - Lucknow
Eastern Command - Kolkata
Western Command - Chandigarh
Northern Command - Udhampur
ARTRAC - Shimla
South Western Command - Jaipur
Rank Structure:
Only persons to get Field Marshall in Indian Army, the highest honor - SHFJ Manekshah and KM Cariappa
Previously, the British Indian Army and after independence changed to Indian Army
Helped in
First war with Pakistan in 1948
Liberation of Hyderabad - 1948
Participation in UN Peace keeping forces
Goa, Daman and Diu operation against Portugal in 1961 - Operation Vijay
Indo china conflict - 1962
Indo-pakistan war of 1965 (against pak's Operation Gibraltar and Operation Grand Slam)
Bangladesh Liberation War 1971
Counter Insurgency Activities (Operation Bluestar and Operation Woodrose)
Kargil Operation 1999
Operation Parakram for countering the attack on the Indian Parliament
Operation Sanghe Shakti
Exercise Aswamedha - network centric warfare capabilities
Army HQ is at New Delhi
Southern Command - Pune
Central Command - Lucknow
Eastern Command - Kolkata
Western Command - Chandigarh
Northern Command - Udhampur
ARTRAC - Shimla
South Western Command - Jaipur
Rank Structure:
- Field Marshall
- General
- Lieutenant General
- Major- General (a Division is headed by him)
- Brigader (heads a Brigade)
- Colonel (heads a Batallion)
- Lieutenant Colonel
- Major (heads a company)
- Captain
- Lieutenant (heads a platoon)
- Second Lieutenant - now this is being discontinued
The Indian Army reports to the Ministry of Defence except for the below quasi army arms which report to the ministry of Home Affairs. These are headed by Director Generals
- Rashtriya Rifles
- National Security Gaurds - NSG
- National Cadet Corps - NCC
- Assam Rifles
- Border Roads Organization - BRO - again this reports to the ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways
The Regiment of Artillery was first introduced by Babar in the first battle of panipat in 1526 (though there are some other evidences of earlier use)
All Indian Military firearm guns are manufactured under an umbrella administration of Ordanance Factory Board with principal Firearm Manufacturing units at Ishapore, Cossipore, Kanpur, Jabalpur and Tiruchhi
Ammunition is manufactured ar Kirkee (now Khadki) and at Bolangir
Combat Vehicles - Main Battle Tanks:
- Arjun MBT Mk1
- T-90 S MBT - Bhisma
- T-72 M1 - Ajeya
- Vijayanta and T-55
Artillery:
- Agni - medium range ballistic missile
- SS-150/Prithvi I and SS-250/Prithvi III short range ballistic Missile
- Brahmos - supersonic cruise missile with a range of 290 km
- Bofors - FH-77B
- Bhim and many more
Aircrafts:
- Aerospatiale Alouette III - by HAL - SA 316 B Chetak
- Aerospatiale Lama - built by HAL - SA 315 B cheetah
- DRDO Nishant - Unmanned air vehicle - UAV
- HAL Dhruv - Utility Helicopter
- Eurocopter Fennec - by EU - utility helicopter
Missiles:
- Agni - medium range ballistic missile
- Prithvi I and III - short range ballistic missile (Prithvi II is with the IAF)
- Brahmos - Supersonic Cruise missile
- Akash - surface to air missile
- Astra - Air to Air missile
Param Vir Chakra is the highest military decoration in the Indian Army - last given in 1999 to Rifleman Sanjay Kumar and Captain Vikram Batra
European Union
It is a supernational and Intergovernmental union of 27 states
Established in 1992 by the Treaty of EU - The Maastricht Treaty
It is the de facto successor of the six member European Economic Community founded in 1957 (The Treaty of Rome)
The Treaty of Paris - 1951 had the foundation for EU - European Coal and Steel Community of West Germany, Italy, Benelex and France - this changed to European Economic Comm and then to European Comm.
EU Institutions:
Established in 1992 by the Treaty of EU - The Maastricht Treaty
It is the de facto successor of the six member European Economic Community founded in 1957 (The Treaty of Rome)
The Treaty of Paris - 1951 had the foundation for EU - European Coal and Steel Community of West Germany, Italy, Benelex and France - this changed to European Economic Comm and then to European Comm.
EU Institutions:
- European Parliament
- European Council
- Council of the European Union - the legislative branch apart from the EU parliament
- European Central Bank - 13 member states with Euro (estd in 1998 and HQ in Frankfurt)
- European Commission - acts as an executive
- The European Court of Justice - Luxembourg
The seat of the European Commission is in Brussels with the President - Jose Manuel Barroso
European Parliament Head - Hans Gert Pottering, and the seat is in Strasbourg
Council of the European Union, Head - Frank-Walter Steinmeier
Sectretariat of the European Parliament - Luxembourg
President of the European Council - Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany
High Representative of the CSFP - Javier Solana
Seat of the European council at present - Germany
Commissioner for Trade for the EU bloc in WTO - Peter Mendelson
Members of the EU:
- France
- Italy
- Germany
- Luxembourg
- Belgium
- Netherlands
- Denmark
- UK
- Ireland
- Greece
- Portugal
- Spain
- Austria
- Sweden
- Finland
- Cyprus, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta Poland, Slovekia, Slovenia (all these added in 2004)
- Romania and Bulgaria (joined in 2007)
Enlargement Candidates:
- Turkey
- Croatia
- The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Pillars of the Treaty of Maastricht:
- European Communities
- The Common Foreign and Security Policy - CFSP (it acknowledges NATO responsible for the territorial defence and Peace keeping in Europe)
- Justice and Home Affairs
ERASMUS program for Higher Education
Bologna Process for Higher Education
Global Positioning System - Galileo - Global Navigation Satellite System - to be built by EU and launched by the European Space Agency (ESA is a non EU organization and so is the EFTA)
Friday, May 11, 2007
Indian Navy
Indian Navy is the fifth largest Navy in the world
It is a true Blue Water Navy with all the state-of the art capabilities
Motto: Shano Varuna
Total Strength - 55000 with 155 vessels
British Indian Navy - when India was under British Rule, and after Jan 26th 1950, this became Indian Navy and all the vessels were named after Indian Naval Ships - INS
First Involvement - Operation Vijay - in 1961 in the liberation of Goa from Portuguese troops
(INS Delhi took part actively in this)
Navy involved in the two wars with Pak in 1965 and 1971. Operation Trident (1971 war attack on Karachi Port) success was celebrated as Navy Day - Dec 4th
Operation Python - 1971 war in East Pakistan(INS Vikrant vs USS Enterprise)
Operation Cactus - in Maldives to stop the coup attempt by PLOTE in 1988
Operation Restore Hope - UN Peace Keeping force in Somalia from 1992
Operation Parakram and the Kargil War
Opeartion Enduring Freedom - supported US in the strait of Malacca
Tsumani operations:
Ranks in Indian Navy:
It is a true Blue Water Navy with all the state-of the art capabilities
Motto: Shano Varuna
Total Strength - 55000 with 155 vessels
British Indian Navy - when India was under British Rule, and after Jan 26th 1950, this became Indian Navy and all the vessels were named after Indian Naval Ships - INS
First Involvement - Operation Vijay - in 1961 in the liberation of Goa from Portuguese troops
(INS Delhi took part actively in this)
Navy involved in the two wars with Pak in 1965 and 1971. Operation Trident (1971 war attack on Karachi Port) success was celebrated as Navy Day - Dec 4th
Operation Python - 1971 war in East Pakistan(INS Vikrant vs USS Enterprise)
Operation Cactus - in Maldives to stop the coup attempt by PLOTE in 1988
Operation Restore Hope - UN Peace Keeping force in Somalia from 1992
Operation Parakram and the Kargil War
Opeartion Enduring Freedom - supported US in the strait of Malacca
Tsumani operations:
- Operation Madath - Andhra and Tamil Nadu
- Operation Sea Waves - Andaman and Nicobar Islands
- Operation Castor - Maldives
- Operation Rainbow in Sri Lanka
- Operation Gambhir in Indonesia
Ranks in Indian Navy:
- Admiral of the Fleet
- Admiral (the rank held by the chief of the Naval Staff at present)
- Vice-Admiral
- Rear - Admiral
- Commodore
- Captain
- Commander
- Lieutenant Commander
- Lieutenant
- Sub Lieutenant
Chief of the Naval Staff: Admiral Suresh Mehta (previously, Admiral Arun Prakash)
Regional Commands -
HQ Eastern Command - Vishakapatnam
HQ Western Command - Mumbai
HQ Southern Command - Kochi
Strategic Area of Defence - a combined command of AirForce, Navy and Army in Andaman and Nicobar Islands setup in 2001
Lately, INS Kadamba was commissioned in Karwar area of Karnataka - this is the third operational Naval Base after Mumbai and Vishakapatnam and the first to be controlled completely by the Indian Navy - called Project Seabird
Planning to setup another base at Rambilli Mandal near Vishakapatnam
Also, setting up monitoring station in Madagascar and in the coast of Mozambique
Marine Commandos Force - MARCOS - special forces unit of the Indian Navy started in 1987
presently deployed in J&K to prevent infiltration through Jhelum and Wular Lake and protection in and arounf Dal Lake
Indian Navy's nuclear deterrence capabilities are based on Sukanya class ships with Dhanush Ballistic missiles with a range of 350 Km
this will be in commission till Advanced Technology Vessel starts in 2010 with Sagarika missile
Bridges of Friendship - 2001 International Fleet by the Indian Navy
MILAN - Fleet every two years in Andaman and Nicobar Islands
Navy Excersises:
VARUNA - with the French Navy
KONKAN - with the Royal British Navy
INDRA - with the Russian Navy
MALABAR - with the US Navy
SIMBLEX - with the Republic of Singapore Navy
TROPEX - Theatre level Readiness Operation Exercises - 2007 - to support Amry and Air Force
INS Tarangini - Indian Sailing Ship and Training Vessel - now on a Overseas voyage named Lokayan 07
Indian Navy explored to Mount Everest, North Pole (Arctic Circle - Indian Peak) and the Antarctic Circle) and the first military team to go to the south pole in skis
Sangraha - Electronic warfare joint program of DRDO and Indian Navy
Naval Institute of Computer Applications - NICA - Mumbai
Ships:
Destroyers - Delhi and Rajput class
Frigates - Talwar, Godavari, Leander and the Brahmaputra class. Shivalik Class(being devel.)
Aircraft Carrier - Kiev class Admiral Gorshkov - INS Vikramaditya - acqiured from abroad
INS Viraat (will be retired in 2012 after the induction of Vikrant class)
Submarines - Sorpene class - acquired from abroad, Kilo class with Brahmos Missile, amur class may also be inducted soon, INS Chakra - charlie class Nuclear powered!, Akula class
Corvette - INS Prahar was sunk!
US Trenton was purchased in 2006 from US - renamed INS Jalashva
INS Dunagiri, INS Magar and INS Trishul were involved in accidents in Sea
National Institute of Oceanography has made Autonomous Underwater Vehicle - AUV and Autonomous Surface Vehicle - ASV
Unmanned Underwater Vehicle - UUV - flagnamed as Flatfish - being developed
Maritime Patrol aircraft and P-8I aircraft are also being developed
4 aerobatic display team of the Indian Navy - Sagar Pawan - replaces the present Kiran Team
International Maritime Defene exhibition and Conference Asia 2007 held in Singapore in may 2007 and INS Sangram from India participated in it.
List of Nuclear Power/Research Plants/Reactors in India
Power Plants:
Total Installed capacity of Nuclear Power in India - 3900 Mwe
Capacity of Plants under construction total - 2800 MWe
All these Power Plants and the Nuclear Reactors are Operated by NPCIL - Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited
Kaiga - 1 - Karnataka - started in 2000 - PWHR, 220 MWe
Kaiga - 2 - Karnataka - started in 1999 - PWHR, 220 MWe
Kaiga - 3 - Karnataka - PWHR, 220 MWe (Under Construction)
Kaiga - 4 - Karnataka - PWHR, 220 MWe (Under Construction)
Rajasthan Atomic Power Station - Rawatbhata
Rajasthan - 1 - Rajasthan - started in 1972 - PWHR, 100 Mwe
Rajasthan - 2 - Rajasthan - started in 1980 - PWHR, 200 Mwe
Rajasthan - 3 - Rajasthan - started in 2000 - PWHR, 220 Mwe
Rajasthan - 4 - Rajasthan - started in 2000 - PWHR, 220 Mwe
Rajasthan - 5 - Rajasthan - PWHR, 220 Mwe (Under Construction)
Rajasthan - 6 - Rajasthan -PWHR, 220 Mwe (Under Construction)
Kakrapar Atomic Power Station - Kakrapar
Kakrapar - 1 - Gujarat - started in 1992 - PWHR, 220Mwe
Kakrapar - 2 - Gujarat - started in 1995 - PWHR, 220Mwe
Madras Atomic Power Station - MAPS - Kalpakkam
Kalpakkam - 1 - Tamil Nadu - started in 1983 - PWHR, 220 MWe
Kalpakkam - 2 - Tamil Nadu - started in 1985 - PWHR, 220 MWe
Narora Atomic Power Station - Narora
Narora - 1 - Uttar Pradesh - started in 1989 - PWHR, 220 MWe
Narora -2 - Uttar Pradesh - started in 1992 - PWHR, 220 MWe
Tarapur Atomic Power Station - TAPS - in Tarapur
Tarapur - 1 - Maharashtra - started in 1969 - BHR, 160 MWe
Tarapur - 2 - Maharashtra - started in 1969 - BHR, 160 MWe
Tarapur - 3 - Maharashtra - started in 2006 - PWHR, 540 MWe
Tarapur - 4 - Maharashtra - started in 2005 - PWHR, 540 MWe
Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant
Kudankulam - 1 - Tamil Nadu - VVER, 1000 MWe (Under Construction)
Kudankulam - 2 - Tamil Nadu - VVER, 1000 MWe (Under Construction)
Research Reactors:
IGCAR - Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research - Kalpakkam
Total Installed capacity of Nuclear Power in India - 3900 Mwe
Capacity of Plants under construction total - 2800 MWe
All these Power Plants and the Nuclear Reactors are Operated by NPCIL - Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited
Kaiga - 1 - Karnataka - started in 2000 - PWHR, 220 MWe
Kaiga - 2 - Karnataka - started in 1999 - PWHR, 220 MWe
Kaiga - 3 - Karnataka - PWHR, 220 MWe (Under Construction)
Kaiga - 4 - Karnataka - PWHR, 220 MWe (Under Construction)
Rajasthan Atomic Power Station - Rawatbhata
Rajasthan - 1 - Rajasthan - started in 1972 - PWHR, 100 Mwe
Rajasthan - 2 - Rajasthan - started in 1980 - PWHR, 200 Mwe
Rajasthan - 3 - Rajasthan - started in 2000 - PWHR, 220 Mwe
Rajasthan - 4 - Rajasthan - started in 2000 - PWHR, 220 Mwe
Rajasthan - 5 - Rajasthan - PWHR, 220 Mwe (Under Construction)
Rajasthan - 6 - Rajasthan -PWHR, 220 Mwe (Under Construction)
Kakrapar Atomic Power Station - Kakrapar
Kakrapar - 1 - Gujarat - started in 1992 - PWHR, 220Mwe
Kakrapar - 2 - Gujarat - started in 1995 - PWHR, 220Mwe
Madras Atomic Power Station - MAPS - Kalpakkam
Kalpakkam - 1 - Tamil Nadu - started in 1983 - PWHR, 220 MWe
Kalpakkam - 2 - Tamil Nadu - started in 1985 - PWHR, 220 MWe
Narora Atomic Power Station - Narora
Narora - 1 - Uttar Pradesh - started in 1989 - PWHR, 220 MWe
Narora -2 - Uttar Pradesh - started in 1992 - PWHR, 220 MWe
Tarapur Atomic Power Station - TAPS - in Tarapur
Tarapur - 1 - Maharashtra - started in 1969 - BHR, 160 MWe
Tarapur - 2 - Maharashtra - started in 1969 - BHR, 160 MWe
Tarapur - 3 - Maharashtra - started in 2006 - PWHR, 540 MWe
Tarapur - 4 - Maharashtra - started in 2005 - PWHR, 540 MWe
Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant
Kudankulam - 1 - Tamil Nadu - VVER, 1000 MWe (Under Construction)
Kudankulam - 2 - Tamil Nadu - VVER, 1000 MWe (Under Construction)
Research Reactors:
IGCAR - Indira Gandhi Center for Atomic Research - Kalpakkam
- Fast Breed Test Reactor
- KAMINI Test Reactor
- 500 MWe Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (under construction)
- CIRUS Reactor
- Dhruva Reactor
- Apsara Reactor
Wednesday, May 9, 2007
Ministries and Departments of the Govt of India
Ministry of Agriculture: (Sharad Pawar)
- Department of Agriculture and Co-operation
- Department of Agriculture research and education
- Department of Animal Husbandary and Dairying
Ministry of Agro and Rural Industries (Maha Vir Prasad)
Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers: (Ram Vilas Paswan)
- Department of Chemicals and Petro-chemicals
- Department of Fertilizers
Ministry of Civil Aviation ()
Ministry of Coal (Presently with the Prime Minister)
Ministry of Commerce and Industry (Kamal Nath)
- Department of Commerce
- Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion
Ministry of Communication and Information Technology (Dayanidhi Maran)
- Department of Posts
- Department of Telecommunications
- Department of Information and Technology
Ministry of Company Affairs (Prem Chand Gupta)
Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution (Sharad Pawar)
- Department of Consumer Affairs
- Department of Food and Public Distribution
Ministry of Defence (AK Anthony)
- Department of Defence Supplies and Production
- Department of Defence Research and Development
- Department of Defence
Ministry of Earth Sciences (Kapil Sibal)
Ministry of Environment and Forests (A Raja)
Ministry of External Affairs (Pranab Mukherjee)
Ministry of Finance (P Chidambaram)
- Department of Expenditure
- Department of Revenue
- Department of Disinvestment
- Department of Economic Affairs
Ministry of Food Processing Industries
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (Anbumani Ramdoss)
- Department of Health
- Department of Family Welfare
- Department of Ayurveda, Yoga-Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy
Ministry of Heavy Industries and Public Enterprises (Santosh Mohan Dev)
- Department of Heavy Industries
- Department of Public Enterprises
Ministry of Home Affairs (ShivRaj Patil)
- Department of Internal Security
- Department of Official Languages
- Department of States
- Department of Jammu and Kashmir Affairs
- Department of Home
Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation
Ministry of Human Resources Development (Arjun Singh)
- Department of Elementary Education and Literacy
- Department of Secondary and Higher Education
- Department of Women and Child Development [I Think this is given a seperate ministry now under Renuka Chowdary]
Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (Priyaranjan Dasmuni)
Ministry and Labor and Employment
Ministry of Law and Justice (HR Bhardwaj)
- Department of Legal Affairs
- Department of Justice
- Legislative Department
Ministry of Mines (Sish Ram Ola)
Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources
Ministry of Overseas Indian Affairs (Vayalar Ravi)
Ministry of Panchayati Raj (Manishankar Aiyer)
Minisry of Parliamentary Affairs (Priyaranjan Dasmuni)
Ministry of Personnel, Pension and Public Grievances (With the Prime Minister)
- Department of Personnel and Training
- Department of Pensions and Pensioner's Welfare
- Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances
Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (Murali Deora)
Ministry of Planning (With the Prime Minister)
Ministry of Power (Sushil Kumar Shinde)
Ministry of Railways (Laloo Prasad Yadav)
Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways (TR Baalu)
Ministry of Rural Development (Raghuvansh Prasad Singh)
- Department of Drinking Water Supply
- Department of Rural Development
- Department of Land Resources
Ministry of Science and Technology (Kapil Sibal)
- Department of Science and Technology
- Department Scientific and Industrial Research
- Department of Bio Technology
Ministry of Small Scale Industries (Mahavir Prasad)
Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (Meira Kumar)
Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
Ministry of Steel (Ram Vilas Paswan)
Ministry of Textiles (Shankar Singh Vaghela)
Ministry of Tourism and Culture (Ambika Soni)
Ministry of Tribal Affairs (PR Kyndiah)
Ministry of Urban Development (S Jaipal Reddy)
Ministry of Water Resources (Saif U-din Soz)
Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports (Manishankar Aiyer)
Department of Atomic Energy (with the Prime Minister)
Department of Space (with the Prime Minister)
Cabinet Secretariat
President's Secretariat
Prime Minister's Office
Planning Commission
Department of Development of North Eastern Region (Manishankar Aiyer) [This is a ministry now i think! Please clarify on this...]
- Ministry of Minority Affairs (AR Antulay)
- Ministry of New and Renewable Energy [These two are new ministries i guess]
Monday, May 7, 2007
Botanical/Zoological Survey of India
Some points on both of these...
ZSI - HQ - Kolkata - established in 1916
ZSI has 16 regional and field stations:
Eastern - Shillong
Western - Pune
Northern - Dehradun
Southern - Chennai
Central - Jabalpur
Desert - Jodhpur
Gangetic Plains - Patna
Andaman and Nicobar - Port Blair
Marine Biology - Chennai
Fresh Water Biology - Hyderabad
Eastern Biology - Behrampur
Sunderabans - Cannings, West Bengal
Western Ghats - Kozhikode
Marine Acquarium and Research - Digha
Arunachal Pradesh - Itanagar
High Altitude Zoology - Solan
India - Antarctica program from 1989
BSI - formally constituted in 1890 and HQ at Kolkata
Central National Herbarium - Kolkata and started in 1793
The Indian Botanical Garden - Howrah
The Central Botanical Laboratory - Howrah
The Botanical Museum - Kolkata
Regional Circles:
Southern Circle - Coimbatore
Western Circle - Pune
Arid Zone Circle - Jodhpur
Northern Circle - Dehradun
Central Circle - Allahabad
Sikkim Himalayan Circle - Gangtok
Arunachal Pradesh Circle - Itanagar
Andaman and Nicobar Circle - Port Blair
National Orchidarium - Yercaud - Tamil Nadu
National Orchidarium - Shillong - Meghalaya
Mundhwa Botanical Garden - Pune
Dhanikari Arborateum - Port Blair
Sankai Wilderness Area - Itanagar
Gymnosperm Sanctuary - Pauri, Uttar Pradesh
ZSI - HQ - Kolkata - established in 1916
ZSI has 16 regional and field stations:
Eastern - Shillong
Western - Pune
Northern - Dehradun
Southern - Chennai
Central - Jabalpur
Desert - Jodhpur
Gangetic Plains - Patna
Andaman and Nicobar - Port Blair
Marine Biology - Chennai
Fresh Water Biology - Hyderabad
Eastern Biology - Behrampur
Sunderabans - Cannings, West Bengal
Western Ghats - Kozhikode
Marine Acquarium and Research - Digha
Arunachal Pradesh - Itanagar
High Altitude Zoology - Solan
India - Antarctica program from 1989
BSI - formally constituted in 1890 and HQ at Kolkata
Central National Herbarium - Kolkata and started in 1793
The Indian Botanical Garden - Howrah
The Central Botanical Laboratory - Howrah
The Botanical Museum - Kolkata
Regional Circles:
Southern Circle - Coimbatore
Western Circle - Pune
Arid Zone Circle - Jodhpur
Northern Circle - Dehradun
Central Circle - Allahabad
Sikkim Himalayan Circle - Gangtok
Arunachal Pradesh Circle - Itanagar
Andaman and Nicobar Circle - Port Blair
National Orchidarium - Yercaud - Tamil Nadu
National Orchidarium - Shillong - Meghalaya
Mundhwa Botanical Garden - Pune
Dhanikari Arborateum - Port Blair
Sankai Wilderness Area - Itanagar
Gymnosperm Sanctuary - Pauri, Uttar Pradesh
Wednesday, May 2, 2007
Awards - India/International
- BP Paul Centenary Award to - MS Swaminathan
- Commander of Agriculture Award by France to - MS Swaminathan
- Rajiv Gandhi Outstanding Leadership Award 2006 - MS Swaminathan ?? (please anybody confirm)
- Saha Maitreyi award by Combodian Govt on Rice Research and Development to - MS Swaminathan
- MS Swaminathan award for leadership in Agriculture - GS Kush
- Jugde's Prize for Newspaper Category 2005 - P Sainath, Hindu Editor for Rural Affairs
(Also called Harin Chappin Media Award) - Prem Bhatia memorial award for excellence in political reporting to Pallavi ayyer - Hindu correspondent in china
- Mother Teresa International and Millennium Award 2005 - Shiekh Hasina
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International Gandhi Peace Prize : By the GOI from 1995
1995 - Julius Nyerere (First President of Tanzania)
1996 - AT Ariyaratne
1997 - Gerhard Fischer (Anti Leprosy Campaign, former Germany Ambassador to India)
1998 - Ramakrishna Mission
1999 - Baba Amte
2000 - Nelson Mandela and Grameen Bank
2001 - John Hume (Irish Politician)
2002 - Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
2003 - Vaclav Havel
2004 - Corretta Scott King (Widow of Martin Luther King)
2005 - Desmond Tutu
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Legion D Honor to - Rajendre K Pachiru for his contributions in Environmental Sustenable Dev.
Hon. Doctorate Degree from Harward Univ - 2001 for her contribution to Under Privileged Children - Elaa Bhatt (SEWA) - Gujarat
Rajiv Gandhi National Sadbhavana Award - Nirmala Deshpande
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Ramon Magsasay Award -
Govt Service - CD Deshmukh, Kiran Bedi, TN Seshan, JM Lyngdoh
Public Service - Jayaprakash Narayan, MS Subbalakshmi, Manibhai Desai, Baba Amte, Lakshmi Chand Jain, Banoo Jehangir Coyaji, Mahesh Chander Mehta, V Shanta
Community Leadership - Vinoba Bhave, Veghese Kurien, Dara Khurodi, Tribhuvandas Patel, Kamaladevi Chattopadhyaya, MS Swaminathan, Ela Bhatt, Mabelle Arole, Rajikanth Arole, Pramod Karan Sethi, Chandi Prasad Bhatt, Pandurang Sastri Athavale, Aruna Roy, Rajendra Singh, Shanta Sinha
Journalism, Literature and Creative Arts - Amitabha Choudary, Satyajith Raj, Boobli George Verghese, Sombhu Mitra, Gour Kishore Ghosh, Arun Shourie, RK Laxman, KV Subbanna, Ravi Shankar, Mahaswetha Devi
Peace and International Understanding - Mother Teresa, Jockin Arputham, Laxminarayan Ramdas
Emergent Leadership - Sandeep Pandey, Arvind Kejriwal
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International Cosmos Prize - Dr Raman Sukumar for striving harmonious co-existence of nature and mankind
39th Gnanapith Award to - Marathi writer, Vinda Karadikar
Sangeet Ratna Award has been started in memoir of Ustad Bismillah Khan by the UP GOvt
Sangeet Kalanidhi by Music Academy - Madurai Seshagopalan, Carnatic Vocalist
Winner of Right Livelihood award for social upliftment - Swami Agnivesh (he started the Bharat Nav Nirman Maha Abhiyan)
Indira Gandhi Award for National Integration - Javed Akhtar for 2005
Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai - Shanti Swarup Bhatnakar Award
Indira Gandhi Raj Bhasha Award to - Atish Agarwal
Indira Gandhi Paryavarana award to - Malayala Manorama for 2004 for its work "Pala Thulli"
GMOD award for innovation in ST – kota hari narayanan – designing light commercial aircraft
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Nobel Prize:
According to the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895 and started in 1901 by the Nobel Foundation
The economics prize was started in 1968 by the Sweden central bank in memory of Alfred Nobel and is not a Nobel prize and called Sveriges Riskbank Prize in Economic sciences and the first prize was awarded in 1969
Award ceremony on dec 10th, the birth anniversary of Alfred Nobel at Stockholm Concert Hall by the King of Sweden
Only the peace prize ceremony is held at the norwegian nobel institute or the university of Oslo
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences - responsible for Physics, Chemistry, Economics
The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska University - for Medicine
The Swedish Academy - for Literature
The Norwegian Nobel committee - for Peace prize
Mahatma Gandhi was nominated five times for the award between 1937 and 1948 but never won it
Madam Curie - won twice in 1903 for discovery of Radioactivity in physics and in 1911 for isolation of pure radium in chemistry
Linus Pauling for hybridized orbital theory in 1954 in chemistry and in 1962 for peace for Nuclear test ban activism
John Bardeen - in 1956 in physics for the invention of transistor and in 1972 in physics for the theory of superconductivity
Frederick Sanger - in chemistry in 1958 for the structure of insulin molecule and in 1980 in chemistry for virus nucleotide sequencing
Otto Warburg was prevented by the Nazi government from accepting his second nobel prize for medicine in 1944
International Red Cross got the nobel prize for peace three times in 1917, 1944 and 1963
The curie family claims the most nobel prizes:
Madam Curie - 2
Pierre Curie - physics in 1903
and Joliot Curie , daughter of them - chemistry - 1935
William Lawrence Bragg is the youngest to get a nobel prize at the age of 25. he got it for physics in 1915
Nobel Prize for 2006:
Physics - John C Mather and Gerge Smoot
Chemistry - Roger D Kornberg
Medicine - Andrew Fire and Craig Mellow
Economics - Edmund S Phelps
Literature - Orhan Pamuk
Peace - Grameen Bank and Mohammud Yunus
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Man Booker Prize:
Started in 1968 as Booker Mc Conneel prize by the company Booker Mc Connel and in 2002, it was transferred to Man group and Booker Prize foundation and hence Man Booker prize
Booker of Booker prize award given in 1993 to Salman Rushdie for his work Midnight's children for the 25 yr of existence
Prize for fiction for best original full length novel written in english by a citizen of commonwealth of nations or the republic of ireland
1981 - Salman Rushdie - Midnight's children
1997 - Arundhati Roy - The God of small things
2006 - Kiran Desai - The Inheritence of Loss
1971 - VS Naipal - In a Free State - but not of India list though he is of Indian origin
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Heads around the World/International Orgs
Chief of Staff of the UN Secretary General – Vijay Nambiar
Chief Economist of IMF from India - Raghuram Rajan
Pakistan People's Party - Benazir Bhutto
Pak Muslim League - Nawaz Sharif
Deputy PMs of Russia - Sergei Ivanov and Dmiti Medvedev
13th Elected monarch of Malaysia - Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu - (13th Yang Di Pertuan Agong )
Secretary General of the Commonwealth - Don Mc Kinnon
International Policy on Climate Change - Rajendra K Pachuri
Foreign Minister of Pak - Riaz Ahmmed Khan
Deputy Secretary General of UN - Dr Asha-Rose Migiro (Tanzanian Foreign Minister)
Sec Gen of UN - Ban Ki Moon (previously he is Chief of Staff of President of the Gen Assembly, UN)
Under Sec Gen for Public Information and Comm. - Akasana from Japan (previously this post is under Shashi Tharoor)
Speaker, Commonwealth Parliamentary Committee - HA Halim
Hurriyat Conference - Syed Ali Geelani
PM of Algeria - Abdelaziz Belkhadem
Awami League of Bangladesh - Sheikh Hasina
Chief of CIA - M.Heyden
President of Turkemenisthan - Gurbanguly Berdimuhammdevow (previously it is Saparurat Niyazov - dictator and died recently)
Director General of WHO - Lee Jong Wook - Margaret Chan??
Secretary General of GUAM - President of Azerbaijan - Illham Aliyav
Chairman of the Inter Parliamentary Union - Agung Laksono
Secretart General of ITA - Monojit Das Gupta
President of the Asia Development Bank - Haruhiko Kuroda
Chief Economist of IMF from India - Raghuram Rajan
Pakistan People's Party - Benazir Bhutto
Pak Muslim League - Nawaz Sharif
Deputy PMs of Russia - Sergei Ivanov and Dmiti Medvedev
13th Elected monarch of Malaysia - Sultan Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu - (13th Yang Di Pertuan Agong )
Secretary General of the Commonwealth - Don Mc Kinnon
International Policy on Climate Change - Rajendra K Pachuri
Foreign Minister of Pak - Riaz Ahmmed Khan
Deputy Secretary General of UN - Dr Asha-Rose Migiro (Tanzanian Foreign Minister)
Sec Gen of UN - Ban Ki Moon (previously he is Chief of Staff of President of the Gen Assembly, UN)
Under Sec Gen for Public Information and Comm. - Akasana from Japan (previously this post is under Shashi Tharoor)
Speaker, Commonwealth Parliamentary Committee - HA Halim
Hurriyat Conference - Syed Ali Geelani
PM of Algeria - Abdelaziz Belkhadem
Awami League of Bangladesh - Sheikh Hasina
Chief of CIA - M.Heyden
President of Turkemenisthan - Gurbanguly Berdimuhammdevow (previously it is Saparurat Niyazov - dictator and died recently)
Director General of WHO - Lee Jong Wook - Margaret Chan??
Secretary General of GUAM - President of Azerbaijan - Illham Aliyav
Chairman of the Inter Parliamentary Union - Agung Laksono
Secretart General of ITA - Monojit Das Gupta
President of the Asia Development Bank - Haruhiko Kuroda
Tuesday, May 1, 2007
Bio-Reserves and World Heritage Sites in India
Bio - reserves in India and World Heritage Sites
There are 14 bio-reserves in India out of which 4 are listed in the UNESCO World Bio-reserves List
The following are the 14 bio-reserves in India and the first four are those that are also on the UNESCO List
Bio-reserves:
1 1989 Gulf of Mannar Indian part of Gulf of Mannar between India and Sri Lanka Tamil Nadu Coasts 10500 (largest of all)
2 1989 Sunderbans Part of delta of Ganges and Barahamaputra river system West Bengal Gangetic Delta 9630
3 1988 Nanda Devi Parts of Chamoli District, Pithoragarh District & Almora District Uttranchal West Himalayas 5860
4 1986 Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve Silent Valley and Siruvani Hills Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka Western Ghats 5520 (Oldest of all)
5 1998 Dehang Debang Part of Siang and Debang valley Arunachal Pradesh East Himalayas 5112 6 1999 Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve Parts of Betul District, Hoshangabad District and Chhindwara District Madhya Pradesh Semi-Arid 4926
7 1994 Simlipal Part of Mayurbhanj district Orissa Deccan Peninsula 4374
8 2005 Achanakamar - Amarkantak Part of Annupur, Dindori and Bilaspur districts Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh 3835
9 1989 Manas Part of Kokrajhar, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup and Darang District Assam East Himalayas 2837
10 2000 Kanchanjunga Parts of Kanchanjunga Hills Sikkim East Himalayas 2620
11 2001 Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve Neyyar, Peppara and Shenduruny Wildlife Sanctuary and their adjoining areas Kerala Western ghats 1701
12 1989 Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve Southern most islands of Andaman and Nicobar Islands Andaman and Nicobar Islands Islands 885
13 1988 Nokrek Part of Garo Hills Meghalaya East Himalayas 820
14 1997 Dibru- Part of Dibrugarh District and Tinsukia District Assam East Himalayas 765
As we can observe, 7 bio-reserves were selected before 1989 and the rest 7 are added till 2005
India has the following kinds of Protected areas, in the sense of the word designated by IUCN. As of May 2004, India has 156,700 km² of surface area designated as protected areas, roughly 4.95% of the total surface area
Protected Areas in India:
1. National Parks (IUCN Category II): India's first National Park was Hailey National Park, now Jim Corbett National Park, established in 1935. By 1970, India had 5 National Parks; today it has over 90
2. Animal Sanctuary (IUCN Category IV): India has over 500 animal sanctuaries, referred to as Wildlife Sanctuaries. Among these, the 28 Tiger Reserves are governed by Project Tiger, and are of special significance in the conservation of the tiger
3. Biosphere Reserve (UNESCO designation roughly corresponding to IUCN Category V
4. Reserved Forest and Protected Forest (IUCN Category IV or VI, depending on protection accorded
5. Conservation Reserve and Community Reserve (IUCN Category V and VI respectively)
6. Village Forest and Panchayat Forest (IUCN Category VI)
7. Private protected areas8. conversation areas
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Selected by UNESCO World Heritage Site Committee
Total - 28 in India
Madhya Pradesh - 3
Maharashtra - 4
Uttar Pradesh - 3
Karnataka - 3
Tamil Nadu - 3
Uttaranchal - 1
Bihar - 1
West Bengal - 1
Gujarat - 1
Goa - 1
Orissa - 1
Delhi - 3
Assam - 2
Rajasthan - 1
World Heritage Sites from India:
1. Agra Fort, Uttar Pradesh
2. Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra
3. Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh
4. Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park, Gujarat
5. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, Maharashtra
6. Churches and Convents of Goa
7. Elephanta Caves, Maharashtra
8. Ellora Caves, Maharashtra
9. Fatehpur Sikri, Uttar Pradesh
10. Great Living Chola Temples, Tamil Nadu
11. Group of Monuments at Hampi, Karnataka
12. Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu
13. Group of Monuments at Pattadakal, Karnataka
14. Humayun's Tomb, Delhi
15. Kaziranga National Park, Assam
16. Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan
17. Khajuraho Group of Monuments, Madhya Pradesh
18. Mahabodhi Temple Complex, Bihar
19. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam
20. Mountain Railways of India
21. Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Park, Uttaranchal
22. Qutub Minar and its monuments, Delhi
23. Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, Madhya Pradesh
24. Red Fort, New Delhi
25. Konark Sun Temple, Orissa
26. Sundarbans National Park, West Bengal
27. Taj Mahal, Uttar Pradesh
28. Mysore Palace, Karnataka
Several railways were built in the mountainous regions of India. Collectively they are known as the Mountain railways of India. Four of these railways are running in 2007:
1. Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
2. Nilgiri Mountain Railway
3. Kalka-Shimla Railway
4. Matheran Hill Railway
The collective designation refers to the current project by the Indian government to nominate a representative example of its historic railways to UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway was recognized in 1999, while the Nilgiri Mountain Railway was added as an extension to the site in 2005.
They were recognized for being outstanding examples of bold, ingenious engineering solutions for the problem of establishing an effective rail link through a rugged, mountainous terrain.
Both the Kalka-Shimla Railway and the Matheran Hill Railway are on the tentative nomination list for that site
There are 14 bio-reserves in India out of which 4 are listed in the UNESCO World Bio-reserves List
The following are the 14 bio-reserves in India and the first four are those that are also on the UNESCO List
Bio-reserves:
1 1989 Gulf of Mannar Indian part of Gulf of Mannar between India and Sri Lanka Tamil Nadu Coasts 10500 (largest of all)
2 1989 Sunderbans Part of delta of Ganges and Barahamaputra river system West Bengal Gangetic Delta 9630
3 1988 Nanda Devi Parts of Chamoli District, Pithoragarh District & Almora District Uttranchal West Himalayas 5860
4 1986 Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve Silent Valley and Siruvani Hills Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka Western Ghats 5520 (Oldest of all)
5 1998 Dehang Debang Part of Siang and Debang valley Arunachal Pradesh East Himalayas 5112 6 1999 Pachmarhi Biosphere Reserve Parts of Betul District, Hoshangabad District and Chhindwara District Madhya Pradesh Semi-Arid 4926
7 1994 Simlipal Part of Mayurbhanj district Orissa Deccan Peninsula 4374
8 2005 Achanakamar - Amarkantak Part of Annupur, Dindori and Bilaspur districts Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh 3835
9 1989 Manas Part of Kokrajhar, Bongaigaon, Barpeta, Nalbari, Kamrup and Darang District Assam East Himalayas 2837
10 2000 Kanchanjunga Parts of Kanchanjunga Hills Sikkim East Himalayas 2620
11 2001 Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve Neyyar, Peppara and Shenduruny Wildlife Sanctuary and their adjoining areas Kerala Western ghats 1701
12 1989 Great Nicobar Biosphere Reserve Southern most islands of Andaman and Nicobar Islands Andaman and Nicobar Islands Islands 885
13 1988 Nokrek Part of Garo Hills Meghalaya East Himalayas 820
14 1997 Dibru- Part of Dibrugarh District and Tinsukia District Assam East Himalayas 765
As we can observe, 7 bio-reserves were selected before 1989 and the rest 7 are added till 2005
India has the following kinds of Protected areas, in the sense of the word designated by IUCN. As of May 2004, India has 156,700 km² of surface area designated as protected areas, roughly 4.95% of the total surface area
Protected Areas in India:
1. National Parks (IUCN Category II): India's first National Park was Hailey National Park, now Jim Corbett National Park, established in 1935. By 1970, India had 5 National Parks; today it has over 90
2. Animal Sanctuary (IUCN Category IV): India has over 500 animal sanctuaries, referred to as Wildlife Sanctuaries. Among these, the 28 Tiger Reserves are governed by Project Tiger, and are of special significance in the conservation of the tiger
3. Biosphere Reserve (UNESCO designation roughly corresponding to IUCN Category V
4. Reserved Forest and Protected Forest (IUCN Category IV or VI, depending on protection accorded
5. Conservation Reserve and Community Reserve (IUCN Category V and VI respectively)
6. Village Forest and Panchayat Forest (IUCN Category VI)
7. Private protected areas8. conversation areas
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Selected by UNESCO World Heritage Site Committee
Total - 28 in India
Madhya Pradesh - 3
Maharashtra - 4
Uttar Pradesh - 3
Karnataka - 3
Tamil Nadu - 3
Uttaranchal - 1
Bihar - 1
West Bengal - 1
Gujarat - 1
Goa - 1
Orissa - 1
Delhi - 3
Assam - 2
Rajasthan - 1
World Heritage Sites from India:
1. Agra Fort, Uttar Pradesh
2. Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra
3. Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh
4. Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park, Gujarat
5. Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus, Maharashtra
6. Churches and Convents of Goa
7. Elephanta Caves, Maharashtra
8. Ellora Caves, Maharashtra
9. Fatehpur Sikri, Uttar Pradesh
10. Great Living Chola Temples, Tamil Nadu
11. Group of Monuments at Hampi, Karnataka
12. Group of Monuments at Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu
13. Group of Monuments at Pattadakal, Karnataka
14. Humayun's Tomb, Delhi
15. Kaziranga National Park, Assam
16. Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan
17. Khajuraho Group of Monuments, Madhya Pradesh
18. Mahabodhi Temple Complex, Bihar
19. Manas Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam
20. Mountain Railways of India
21. Nanda Devi and Valley of Flowers National Park, Uttaranchal
22. Qutub Minar and its monuments, Delhi
23. Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka, Madhya Pradesh
24. Red Fort, New Delhi
25. Konark Sun Temple, Orissa
26. Sundarbans National Park, West Bengal
27. Taj Mahal, Uttar Pradesh
28. Mysore Palace, Karnataka
Several railways were built in the mountainous regions of India. Collectively they are known as the Mountain railways of India. Four of these railways are running in 2007:
1. Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
2. Nilgiri Mountain Railway
3. Kalka-Shimla Railway
4. Matheran Hill Railway
The collective designation refers to the current project by the Indian government to nominate a representative example of its historic railways to UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway was recognized in 1999, while the Nilgiri Mountain Railway was added as an extension to the site in 2005.
They were recognized for being outstanding examples of bold, ingenious engineering solutions for the problem of establishing an effective rail link through a rugged, mountainous terrain.
Both the Kalka-Shimla Railway and the Matheran Hill Railway are on the tentative nomination list for that site
Indian History - Modern India
This is the first on Indian History:
Governor Generals of India:
Warren Hastings - 1774-85
Marquess Cornwollis - 1786-93
John Shore - 1793-98
Wellesley - 1798-1805
Cornwollis - 1805-05
Lord Minto - 1807-13
Marquess Hastings - 1813-23
Amherst - 1823-28
Lord William Bentick - 1828-1835
Lord Metcalf - 1835-1836
Lord Auckland - 1836-1842
Lord Ellen - 1842-44
Lord Hardinge - 1844-48
Lord Dalhousie - 1848-56
Lord Canning - 1856-58
Viceroys of India
Lord Canning - 1858-62
Lord Elgin - 1862-63
Lord Lawrence - 1864-69
Lord Mayo - 1869-72
Lord North Brook - 1872-76
Lord Lytton - 1876-80
Lord Rippon - 1880-84
Lord Dufferin - 1884-88
Lord Lansdowne - 1889-94
Lord Elgin - 1894-99
Lord Curzon - 1899-1905
Lord Minto II - 1906-1910
Lord Hardinge - 1910-1916
Lord Chemsford - 1916-1921
Lord Reading - 1921-1926
Lord IRwin - 1926-31
Lord Wellingthon - 1931-36
Lord Linlithgao - 1936-44
Lord Wavell - 1944-47
Lord Mount Batten - 1947
Governor General of Independent India
Lord MountBatten - 1947-48
Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari - 1948-50
Governor Generals of India:
Warren Hastings - 1774-85
Marquess Cornwollis - 1786-93
John Shore - 1793-98
Wellesley - 1798-1805
Cornwollis - 1805-05
Lord Minto - 1807-13
Marquess Hastings - 1813-23
Amherst - 1823-28
Lord William Bentick - 1828-1835
Lord Metcalf - 1835-1836
Lord Auckland - 1836-1842
Lord Ellen - 1842-44
Lord Hardinge - 1844-48
Lord Dalhousie - 1848-56
Lord Canning - 1856-58
Viceroys of India
Lord Canning - 1858-62
Lord Elgin - 1862-63
Lord Lawrence - 1864-69
Lord Mayo - 1869-72
Lord North Brook - 1872-76
Lord Lytton - 1876-80
Lord Rippon - 1880-84
Lord Dufferin - 1884-88
Lord Lansdowne - 1889-94
Lord Elgin - 1894-99
Lord Curzon - 1899-1905
Lord Minto II - 1906-1910
Lord Hardinge - 1910-1916
Lord Chemsford - 1916-1921
Lord Reading - 1921-1926
Lord IRwin - 1926-31
Lord Wellingthon - 1931-36
Lord Linlithgao - 1936-44
Lord Wavell - 1944-47
Lord Mount Batten - 1947
Governor General of Independent India
Lord MountBatten - 1947-48
Chakravarthi Rajagopalachari - 1948-50
Monday, April 30, 2007
Days, Years, Decades by UN
by UN
Jan 1 - Global Family Day
Jan 6 - World Day for War Orphans
Jan 15 - Martin Luther King Day
Jan 27 - International Holocaust Remembrance Day
Feb 12 - Darwin Day
Feb 21 - International Mother Language Day
March 8 - International Day for Women's Rights and International Peace
March 21 - International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
March 22 - World Day for Water
March 23 - World Metereological Day
March 24 - World Tuberculosis Day
March 27 - World Theatre Day, World Wear Odd Socks Day
April 4 - International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action
April 7 - World Health Day
April 22 - Earth Day
April 23 - World Book and Copyright Day
April 25 - Africa Malaria Day
April 26 - World Intellectual Property Day
April 29 - World Dance Day
May 1 - May Day
May 3 - World Press Freedom Day
May 4 - International FireFighter's Day
May 12 - International Nurses Day
May 15 - International Day of Families
May 17 - World Telecommunications Day
May 21 - World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development
May 22 - International Day for Biological Diversity
May 29 - International Day for United Nations Peacekeepers
May 31 - World No Tobacco Day
1st tuesday of May - World Asthma Day
2nd saturday of May - World Fair Trade Day
June 1 - World Children's Day
June 4 - International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression
June 5 - World Environment Day
June 8 - World Brain Tumour Day, World Ocean Day
June 12 - World Day against Child Labour
June 14 - World Blood Donation Day
June 17 - World Day to combat Desertification and Drought
June 20 - World Refugees Day
June 21 - World Music Day
June 23 - United Nations Public Services Day
June 26 - International Day against Drugs Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, International Day in support of Victims of Torture
Ist saturday of July - International Day of Cooperatives
July 11 - World Population Day
July 29 - International Day for Social Cultural Diversity and the fight against positive discrimination
August 9 - International Day of the World's Indigenous People
August 12 - International Youth Day
August 23 - International Day for the remembrance of the Slave trade and its abolition
September 8 - International Literacy Day
September 16 - International Day for the preservance of the Ozone Layer
September 19 - International Talk Like a Pirate Day
September 21 - International Day of Peace, World Alzheimer's Day
September 22 - World Car Free Day
September 25 - International Grab Hand Day
September 26 - European Day of Languages
September 27 - World Tourism Day
4th week of September - World Peace Week
During Last week of September - World maritime Day
First Monday of October - World Habitat Day
Oct 1 - International Day of Older Persons, World Vegetarian Day
Oct 4 - World Animal Day
Oct 5 - World Teacher's Day
Second wed of oct - World Day for Natural Disaster Reduction
Oct 6 - World Hospice and Palliviate Day
Oct 9 - World Post Day
Oct 10 - World Mental Health Day
Oct 15 -Foundation of the Black Panthers Day
Oct 16 - World Food Day
Oct 17 - International Day for the Eradication of Poverty
Oct 24 - United Nations Day, World Development Information Day
Nov 1 - World Vegan Day
Nov 6 - International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict
Nov 9 - International Day for the mobilisation for the Fight against Terrorism and the terrorist movements in the world , World Inventor's Day
Nov 16 - International Day for Tolerance
Nov 17 - International Students Day
Nov 19 - World Toilet Day
Nov 20 - Africa Industrialization Day, Universal Children's Day
Nov 21 - World Television Day
Nov 25 - International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women
Nov 29 - International Day of Solidarity with the Palastine People
Dec 1 - World Aids Day
Dec 2 - International Day for the Abolition of Slavery
Dec 3 - International Day of Disabled Persons
Dec 5 - International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development
Dev 7 - International Civil Aviations Day
Dec 9 - International Day against Corruption
Dec 10 - Human Rights Day
Dec 18 - International Migrants Day
Dec 20 - International Human Solidarity Day
2000 - International Year of Thanksgiving, International Year for the Culture of Peace
2001 - International Year for Mobilization against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, International Year of Volunteers, United Nations Year for Dialogue among Civilizations
2002 - International Year of Ecotourism , International Year of Mountains, United Nations Year for Cultural Heritage
2003 - International Year of Freshwater, European Disability Year
2004 - International Year to Commemorate the Struggle against Slavery and its abolition , International Year of Rice
2005 - International Year for Sports and Physical Education, International Year of Microcredit, World Year of Physics
2006 - International Year for Deserts and Desertification
2007 - International Year of the Dolphin
2007, 2008,2009 - International Year of Planet Earth
2008 - International Year of Potato
2009 - Internatioal Year of Natural Fibres, International Year of Astronomy
2010 - Nothing as yet
2011 - International Year of Forests
1976-85 - United Nations Decade for Women
1994 -2004 - First International Decade of the World's Indigenous People
1997-2006 - First United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty
2000-2010 - Second International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism
2001-2010 - International Decade for the Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World
2003-2012 - United Nations Literacy Decade
200. - 201. - United Nations Decade on Education for Sustenable Development
2005-2014 - Second International Decade for World's Indigenous People
2005 -2015 - Water for Life Decade
Jan 1 - Global Family Day
Jan 6 - World Day for War Orphans
Jan 15 - Martin Luther King Day
Jan 27 - International Holocaust Remembrance Day
Feb 12 - Darwin Day
Feb 21 - International Mother Language Day
March 8 - International Day for Women's Rights and International Peace
March 21 - International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
March 22 - World Day for Water
March 23 - World Metereological Day
March 24 - World Tuberculosis Day
March 27 - World Theatre Day, World Wear Odd Socks Day
April 4 - International Day for Mine Awareness and Assistance in Mine Action
April 7 - World Health Day
April 22 - Earth Day
April 23 - World Book and Copyright Day
April 25 - Africa Malaria Day
April 26 - World Intellectual Property Day
April 29 - World Dance Day
May 1 - May Day
May 3 - World Press Freedom Day
May 4 - International FireFighter's Day
May 12 - International Nurses Day
May 15 - International Day of Families
May 17 - World Telecommunications Day
May 21 - World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development
May 22 - International Day for Biological Diversity
May 29 - International Day for United Nations Peacekeepers
May 31 - World No Tobacco Day
1st tuesday of May - World Asthma Day
2nd saturday of May - World Fair Trade Day
June 1 - World Children's Day
June 4 - International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression
June 5 - World Environment Day
June 8 - World Brain Tumour Day, World Ocean Day
June 12 - World Day against Child Labour
June 14 - World Blood Donation Day
June 17 - World Day to combat Desertification and Drought
June 20 - World Refugees Day
June 21 - World Music Day
June 23 - United Nations Public Services Day
June 26 - International Day against Drugs Abuse and Illicit Trafficking, International Day in support of Victims of Torture
Ist saturday of July - International Day of Cooperatives
July 11 - World Population Day
July 29 - International Day for Social Cultural Diversity and the fight against positive discrimination
August 9 - International Day of the World's Indigenous People
August 12 - International Youth Day
August 23 - International Day for the remembrance of the Slave trade and its abolition
September 8 - International Literacy Day
September 16 - International Day for the preservance of the Ozone Layer
September 19 - International Talk Like a Pirate Day
September 21 - International Day of Peace, World Alzheimer's Day
September 22 - World Car Free Day
September 25 - International Grab Hand Day
September 26 - European Day of Languages
September 27 - World Tourism Day
4th week of September - World Peace Week
During Last week of September - World maritime Day
First Monday of October - World Habitat Day
Oct 1 - International Day of Older Persons, World Vegetarian Day
Oct 4 - World Animal Day
Oct 5 - World Teacher's Day
Second wed of oct - World Day for Natural Disaster Reduction
Oct 6 - World Hospice and Palliviate Day
Oct 9 - World Post Day
Oct 10 - World Mental Health Day
Oct 15 -Foundation of the Black Panthers Day
Oct 16 - World Food Day
Oct 17 - International Day for the Eradication of Poverty
Oct 24 - United Nations Day, World Development Information Day
Nov 1 - World Vegan Day
Nov 6 - International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict
Nov 9 - International Day for the mobilisation for the Fight against Terrorism and the terrorist movements in the world , World Inventor's Day
Nov 16 - International Day for Tolerance
Nov 17 - International Students Day
Nov 19 - World Toilet Day
Nov 20 - Africa Industrialization Day, Universal Children's Day
Nov 21 - World Television Day
Nov 25 - International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women
Nov 29 - International Day of Solidarity with the Palastine People
Dec 1 - World Aids Day
Dec 2 - International Day for the Abolition of Slavery
Dec 3 - International Day of Disabled Persons
Dec 5 - International Volunteer Day for Economic and Social Development
Dev 7 - International Civil Aviations Day
Dec 9 - International Day against Corruption
Dec 10 - Human Rights Day
Dec 18 - International Migrants Day
Dec 20 - International Human Solidarity Day
2000 - International Year of Thanksgiving, International Year for the Culture of Peace
2001 - International Year for Mobilization against Racism, Racial Discrimination, Xenophobia and Related Intolerance, International Year of Volunteers, United Nations Year for Dialogue among Civilizations
2002 - International Year of Ecotourism , International Year of Mountains, United Nations Year for Cultural Heritage
2003 - International Year of Freshwater, European Disability Year
2004 - International Year to Commemorate the Struggle against Slavery and its abolition , International Year of Rice
2005 - International Year for Sports and Physical Education, International Year of Microcredit, World Year of Physics
2006 - International Year for Deserts and Desertification
2007 - International Year of the Dolphin
2007, 2008,2009 - International Year of Planet Earth
2008 - International Year of Potato
2009 - Internatioal Year of Natural Fibres, International Year of Astronomy
2010 - Nothing as yet
2011 - International Year of Forests
1976-85 - United Nations Decade for Women
1994 -2004 - First International Decade of the World's Indigenous People
1997-2006 - First United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty
2000-2010 - Second International Decade for the Eradication of Colonialism
2001-2010 - International Decade for the Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World
2003-2012 - United Nations Literacy Decade
200. - 201. - United Nations Decade on Education for Sustenable Development
2005-2014 - Second International Decade for World's Indigenous People
2005 -2015 - Water for Life Decade
UNO
UNO: United Nations Organization
Started: 24th October 1945 with the United Nations Charter by 50 countries replacing the League of Nations, founded in 1919
UN Security Council Permanent Members - USA, UK, The Russian Federation, The People's Republic of China and The French Republic
Member nations - 192
Headquarters - International Territory on Manhattan Island, New York City
Official Languages - Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish
Flag - The emblem is composed of an azimuthal equidistant projection of a world map (less Antarctica) centred on the North Pole, enclosed in olive branches
Official Colors - White and Blue
Secretary General - Ban-ki-Moon from Jan 01, 2007
List of Previous Sec-Gens:
#Gladwynn Jebb - UK (acting) until the first elections
1. Halvdan Lie -Norway
2. Dag Hammarskjold - Sweden
3. U Thant - Myanmar
4. Kurt Waldheim - Austria - China vetoed his third term!
5. Javier de Cuellar - Peru
6. Boutrous Boutrous Ghali - Egypt - US Vetoed his second term!
7. Kofi Annan - Ghana
8. Ban-ki-Moon - South Korea
Last country to join UNO - Montenegro in 2006
The Republic of China (Tiawan) and Holy See (administering Authority of Vatican City) are not members of the UN
Five Principal Organs: General Assembly, UN Security Council, International Court of Justice, UN Economic and Social Council and the UN Secretariat
Security Counil - 15 member states - 5 permanent and 10 temporary (for 2 yr term on a regional basis). the presidency of the security council is rotated each month alphabetically
Universal Declaration of Human Rights - 1948
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador
United Nations Peace Messenger Cities
UN Peace-Keeping Forces (called the Blue Helmets) received the 1988 Nobel Prize for Peace
Kofi Annan and the UN won Nobel Peace Prize in 2001
The UN Development Programme (UNDP) is the largest multilateral source of grant technical assistance in the world
The UN annually publishes the Human Development Index (HDI)
The Millennium Development Goals from the United Nations Millennium Declaration 2000:
Special agency for Palastine - United Nations Reliefs and Works Agency for Palastine Refugees
for all other world refugee programs - Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees!
Started: 24th October 1945 with the United Nations Charter by 50 countries replacing the League of Nations, founded in 1919
UN Security Council Permanent Members - USA, UK, The Russian Federation, The People's Republic of China and The French Republic
Member nations - 192
Headquarters - International Territory on Manhattan Island, New York City
Official Languages - Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish
Flag - The emblem is composed of an azimuthal equidistant projection of a world map (less Antarctica) centred on the North Pole, enclosed in olive branches
Official Colors - White and Blue
Secretary General - Ban-ki-Moon from Jan 01, 2007
List of Previous Sec-Gens:
#Gladwynn Jebb - UK (acting) until the first elections
1. Halvdan Lie -Norway
2. Dag Hammarskjold - Sweden
3. U Thant - Myanmar
4. Kurt Waldheim - Austria - China vetoed his third term!
5. Javier de Cuellar - Peru
6. Boutrous Boutrous Ghali - Egypt - US Vetoed his second term!
7. Kofi Annan - Ghana
8. Ban-ki-Moon - South Korea
Last country to join UNO - Montenegro in 2006
The Republic of China (Tiawan) and Holy See (administering Authority of Vatican City) are not members of the UN
Five Principal Organs: General Assembly, UN Security Council, International Court of Justice, UN Economic and Social Council and the UN Secretariat
Security Counil - 15 member states - 5 permanent and 10 temporary (for 2 yr term on a regional basis). the presidency of the security council is rotated each month alphabetically
Universal Declaration of Human Rights - 1948
- The UN Conference on Environment and Development (the Earth Summit) in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in June 1992, led to the creation of the UN Commission on Sustainable Development
- The International Conference on Population and Development, held in Cairo, Egypt, in September 1994
- The Fourth World Conference on Women, held in Beijing, China, in September 1995
- The Second UN Conference on Human Settlements (Habitat II), convened in June 1996 in Istanbul, Turkey
- ICARA 2 or ICARA II: International Conference on Assistance to Refugees in Africa established in 1984.
UNESCO World Heritage Sites
UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador
United Nations Peace Messenger Cities
UN Peace-Keeping Forces (called the Blue Helmets) received the 1988 Nobel Prize for Peace
Kofi Annan and the UN won Nobel Peace Prize in 2001
The UN Development Programme (UNDP) is the largest multilateral source of grant technical assistance in the world
The UN annually publishes the Human Development Index (HDI)
The Millennium Development Goals from the United Nations Millennium Declaration 2000:
- Eradicate extreme Poverty and Hunger
- Universal Primary Education
- Gender Equality and Empower women
- Reduce Child Mortality
- Improve Maternal Health
- Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases
- Ensure Environmental Sustenability and
- Global partnership for Development
Special agency for Palastine - United Nations Reliefs and Works Agency for Palastine Refugees
for all other world refugee programs - Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees!
Tuesday, April 24, 2007
Institutions in India
Indian National Center for Ocean Information - Hyderabad
(A Tsunami warning system is being developed here now)
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology - Hyderabad
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology - Pune
Center for Economic and Social Studies - Hyderabad
Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology - Hyderabad
Central Institute for English as a Foreign Language - Hyderabad
Cyber Security Research Center - Chandigarh (started in March 2007 and this is the first of its kind in India)
Indian Maritime University - Chennai (proposed)
National Fisheries Development Board - Hyderabad
National Institute for Tobacco Research - Rajahmundry
National geophysical Research insitute - Hyderabad
Space Applications Center, ISRO - Ahmedabad
ISRO Satellite Center - Bangalore
Satish Dhavan Space Center - Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh
Vikram Sarabhai Space Center - Thiruvananthapuram
Integrated Test Range Center - Balasore, Orissa
INSAT Master Control Facility - Hassan (Karnataka) and Bhopal
Rajiv Gandhi National Institute for Youth Development - Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu
Laxmibai National Institute of Physical Education - Gwalior
Central Building Research Institute-Roorkee
Central Drug Research Institute-Lucknow
Central Electro Chemical Research Institute-karaikudi TN
Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute-Pilani, Rajasthan
Central Food Technological Research Institute - Mysore
Central Fuel Research Institute - Dhanbad, Jharkhand
Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute - Jadhavpur, West Bengal
Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - Lucknow
Central Leather Research Institute - Chennai
Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute - Durgapur, West Bengal
Central Mining Research Station - Dhanbad
Central Road Research Institute - New Delhi
Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute - Bhavnagar, Gujarat
Central Scientific Instruments Organisation - Chandigarh
Indian Institute of Chemical Biology - Kolkata
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Mohali, Punjab
(four more to come at Hyderabad, Kolkata Ahmedabad and Hajipur)
Indian Institute of Advanced Study - Shimla
Industrial Texicology Center - Lucknow
National Aeronautic Lab - Benguluru
National Botanical Research Insititute - Lucknow
National Chemical Lab - Pune
National Environmental Engineering Institute - Nagpur
National Geophysical Research Institute - Hyderabad
National Institute for Oceanography - Panjim, Goa
Bose Research Institute - Kolkata
National Metallurgical Lab - Jamshedpur
National Physical Lab - Delhi
Structural Research Engineering Center - Roorkee and Chennai
Vishveshwaraya Industrail and Technological Museum - Benguluru
High Altitute Research Lab - Gulmarg, J & K
Indian Cancer Research Institute - Mumbai
Seismic Research Institute - Gaurivindanur, near Benguluru, Karnataka
Cent Marine Research Station - Chennai
Cent Research Lab - Chennai
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - New Delhi
Forest Research Institute - Dehradun
Indian Institute of Science - Benguluru
Indian Institute of Sugar Technology - Kanpur
Birbal Shani Institute of Paleobotany - Lucknow
All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health - Kolkata
All India Malaria Institute - New Delhi
Insitute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research - Jamnagar, Gujarat
National Institute of Communcable Diseases - New Delhi
Central Research Institute - Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council for Medical Research - Belgaum
Central Fertilizer Quality Control and Training Institute - Faraidabad
Regional Centers at Navi Mumbai, Chennai and Kalyani
National Bio-fertilizer Development Center (renamed as National Center for Organic Farming) - Ghaziabad
Six regional centers - Jabalpur, Nagpur, Blore, Bhuvaneshwar, Hissar and Imphal
Locust Warning Organization - Jodhpur
National Plant Protection Training Institute - Hyderabad (started in 1966)- this has been recognized as the Regional Training Center for Plant Protection by FAO of the United Nations and Advanced Center for Training in Plant Protection Technology by the World Bank
Farm Machinery Training and Testing Institutes - Budni (MP), Hissar (Haryana), Garladinne (Andhra Pradesh), Biswanath Chariali (Assam)
National Institute of Agricultural Marketing - Jaipur (started in 1988)
Naval Institute of Computer Applications - Mumbai
National Technical Research Organization and the National Institute of Cryptology and Research and Development - Hyderabad (to be setup soon)
(this will be under the National Security Advisor, PMO)
Please add extensively to this subject...(thanks to the great contributions by Arun)
(A Tsunami warning system is being developed here now)
Indian Institute of Chemical Technology - Hyderabad
Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology - Pune
Center for Economic and Social Studies - Hyderabad
Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology - Hyderabad
Central Institute for English as a Foreign Language - Hyderabad
Cyber Security Research Center - Chandigarh (started in March 2007 and this is the first of its kind in India)
Indian Maritime University - Chennai (proposed)
National Fisheries Development Board - Hyderabad
National Institute for Tobacco Research - Rajahmundry
National geophysical Research insitute - Hyderabad
Space Applications Center, ISRO - Ahmedabad
ISRO Satellite Center - Bangalore
Satish Dhavan Space Center - Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh
Vikram Sarabhai Space Center - Thiruvananthapuram
Integrated Test Range Center - Balasore, Orissa
INSAT Master Control Facility - Hassan (Karnataka) and Bhopal
Rajiv Gandhi National Institute for Youth Development - Sriperumbudur, Tamil Nadu
Laxmibai National Institute of Physical Education - Gwalior
Central Building Research Institute-Roorkee
Central Drug Research Institute-Lucknow
Central Electro Chemical Research Institute-karaikudi TN
Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute-Pilani, Rajasthan
Central Food Technological Research Institute - Mysore
Central Fuel Research Institute - Dhanbad, Jharkhand
Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute - Jadhavpur, West Bengal
Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants - Lucknow
Central Leather Research Institute - Chennai
Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute - Durgapur, West Bengal
Central Mining Research Station - Dhanbad
Central Road Research Institute - New Delhi
Central Salt and Marine Chemical Research Institute - Bhavnagar, Gujarat
Central Scientific Instruments Organisation - Chandigarh
Indian Institute of Chemical Biology - Kolkata
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research - Mohali, Punjab
(four more to come at Hyderabad, Kolkata Ahmedabad and Hajipur)
Indian Institute of Advanced Study - Shimla
Industrial Texicology Center - Lucknow
National Aeronautic Lab - Benguluru
National Botanical Research Insititute - Lucknow
National Chemical Lab - Pune
National Environmental Engineering Institute - Nagpur
National Geophysical Research Institute - Hyderabad
National Institute for Oceanography - Panjim, Goa
Bose Research Institute - Kolkata
National Metallurgical Lab - Jamshedpur
National Physical Lab - Delhi
Structural Research Engineering Center - Roorkee and Chennai
Vishveshwaraya Industrail and Technological Museum - Benguluru
High Altitute Research Lab - Gulmarg, J & K
Indian Cancer Research Institute - Mumbai
Seismic Research Institute - Gaurivindanur, near Benguluru, Karnataka
Cent Marine Research Station - Chennai
Cent Research Lab - Chennai
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - New Delhi
Forest Research Institute - Dehradun
Indian Institute of Science - Benguluru
Indian Institute of Sugar Technology - Kanpur
Birbal Shani Institute of Paleobotany - Lucknow
All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health - Kolkata
All India Malaria Institute - New Delhi
Insitute of Ayurvedic Studies and Research - Jamnagar, Gujarat
National Institute of Communcable Diseases - New Delhi
Central Research Institute - Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh
Indian Council for Medical Research - Belgaum
Central Fertilizer Quality Control and Training Institute - Faraidabad
Regional Centers at Navi Mumbai, Chennai and Kalyani
National Bio-fertilizer Development Center (renamed as National Center for Organic Farming) - Ghaziabad
Six regional centers - Jabalpur, Nagpur, Blore, Bhuvaneshwar, Hissar and Imphal
Locust Warning Organization - Jodhpur
National Plant Protection Training Institute - Hyderabad (started in 1966)- this has been recognized as the Regional Training Center for Plant Protection by FAO of the United Nations and Advanced Center for Training in Plant Protection Technology by the World Bank
Farm Machinery Training and Testing Institutes - Budni (MP), Hissar (Haryana), Garladinne (Andhra Pradesh), Biswanath Chariali (Assam)
National Institute of Agricultural Marketing - Jaipur (started in 1988)
Naval Institute of Computer Applications - Mumbai
National Technical Research Organization and the National Institute of Cryptology and Research and Development - Hyderabad (to be setup soon)
(this will be under the National Security Advisor, PMO)
Please add extensively to this subject...(thanks to the great contributions by Arun)
Monday, April 23, 2007
Parliaments of the World
Afghanisthan - National Assembly
Albania - Kurendi Popullor
Algeria - National People's Assembly, Council of the Nation
Andorra - General Council
Angola - National Assembly
Antigua and Barbuda - Parliament
Argentina - Congress of the Nation, Senate, Chamber of Deputies
Armenia - Parliament - Azgayin Zhoghov
Australia - Parliament - Australian Parliament House (Representative and Senate)
Austria - Parliament
Azerbaijan - Milli Mejlis - also called as Azerbaidjan
Bahamas - Parliament -Bahamas Condo and Villa Vacations
Bahrain - Majlis-al-shurah, Majlis-al-Nuwab
Bangladesh - Parliament - Jatiya Samsada
Barbados - Parliament
Belarus - Council of the Republic, House of the Representatives
Belgium - Parliament, Chamber of Deputies, Senate
Belize - House of Representatives, Senate
Benin - National Assembly
Bhutan - National Assembly - Tshogdu
Bolivia - National Congress
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Skupstina
Bostwana - National Assembly
Brazil - Chamber of Deputies, Federal Senate, Interlegis - Parliamento Latinoamerico
Bulgaria - National Assembly
Burkina Faso - National Assembly
Burma - People's Assembly - Pyithu Hluttaw
Burundi - Senate
Cambodia - National Assembly, Senate
Cameroon - National Assembly
Canada - Parliament
Cape Verde - National Assembly
Central Africal Republic - National Assembly
Chad - National Assembly
Chile - National Congress, Chamber of Deputies, Senate
China - National People's Congress
Colombia - Chamber of Representatives, Senate
Comoros -Assembly of the Union
Congo - National Assembly
Costa Rica - Legislative Assembly
Cote D I'voire - National Assembly
Croatia - Parliament - called as Sabor
Cuba - National Assembly of the People's Power
Cyprus - House of Representatives
Czech Republic - Chamber of Deputies, Senate
Democratic People's Republic of Korea - Supreme People's Assembly
Democratic Republic of Congo - Parliament
Denmark - Parliament - Folketinget - only one chamber
Dijbouti - National Assembly
Dominica - House of the Assembly
Dominican Assembly - Chamber of Deputies, Senate
Equador - National Assembly
Egypt - People's Assembly, Shoura Assembly
El Salvador - Legislative Assembly
Equitorial Guinea - House of the Represetative of the People
Eritrea - National Assembly - Hagerawi Baito
Estonia - Parliament - called as Riigikogu
Ethiopia - Parliament - called as Shengo
Finland - Parliament - called as Eduskunta
France - National Assembly, Senate
Gabon - Senate, National Assembly
The Gambia - National Assembly
Georgia - Parliament
Germany - Federal Diet (Bundestag), Bundesrat (the parliament building is called Reichstag)
Ghana - Parliament
Greece - Chamber of Deputies
Greenland - Landsting
Grenada - House of Representatives, Senate
Guatemala - Congress of the Republic
Guinea - National Assembly
Guinea - Bissau - National People's Assembly
Guyana - National Assembly
Haiti - Parliament
Honduras - National Congress
Hungary - National Assembly - called as Országgyüles
Iceland - parliament - called as Althing
India - Parliament - called as sansad with Lok sabha and Rajya sabha
Indonesia - House of Representatives - people's Consultative Assembly- called as Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat
Islamic Republic of Iran - Islamic Consultative Assembly
Iraq - Transitional National Assembly
Republic of Ireland - Parliament- called as Oireachatas
Israel - Parliamemt - called as Knesset
Italy - Parliament, Chamber of Deputies, Senate
Jamaica - Parliament
Japan - House of Representatives, House of Councillors - called as Diet
Jordan - Parliament
Kazakhstan - Parliament - called as Kenges
Kenya - National Assembly - called as Bunge
Kiribati - House of Assembly
Kuwait - National Assembly
Kyrgyztan - Supreme Council - Jogurku Kenesh
People's Democratic Republic of Laos - National Assembly - Sapha Heng Xat
Latvia - Parliament - Saeima
Lebanon - National Assembly
Lesotho - Parliament
Liberia - Transitional Legislative Assembly
Libyan Arab Jamahiria - General People's Congress
Liechtenstein - Diet - called as Landtag
Lithuania - Parliament - Seimas
Luxembourg - Chamber of Deputies
Madagascar - National Assembly
Malawi - National Assembly
Malaysia - Parliament
Maldives - People's Majlis
Mali - National Assembly
Malta - House of Representatives
Marshall Islands - Parliament - Nitijela
Mauritius - National Assembly
Mexico - Chamber of Deputies, Senate
Micronesia - Congress
Monaco - National Council
Mongolia - State Great Hural and Little Hural
Montenegro - Parliament - called as Skupstina
Morocco - Majlis Nawab, Majlis-al-Mustacharin
Mozambique - Assembly of the Republic
Namibia - Parliament
Nauru - Parliament
Nepal - Parliament - Sansad
Netherlands - Parliament, Tweedy Kamer(House of Representatives), States General - in the city of Hague is the seat of Govt though the official capital is Amsterdam
New Zealand - House of Representatives
Nicaragua - National Assembly
Niger - National Assembly
Nigeria - National Assembly
Norway - Storting
Oman - Majlis A'Shura, Majlis Al Dawla
Pakistan - Senate, National Assembly
Palau -House of Delegates, Senate
Panama - Legislative Assembly
Papua New Guinea - National Parliament
Paraguay - Chamber of Deputies, Senate
Peru - Congress of the Republic
Philippines - House of Representatives, Senate
Poland - Diet, Senate - called as Sejm
Portugal - Assembly of the Republic
Qatar - Majlis Al Shura
Republic of Korea - National Assembly - called as Kuk Hoe
Republic of Moldovo - Parliament
Romania - House of Deputies, Senate
Russian Federation - State Duma, Council of Federation
Rwanda - Parliament
Saint Kitts and Nevis - National Assembly
Saint Lucia - Parliament
Saint Vincent and Grenadines - House of Assembly
Samoa - Legislative Assembly - Fono
San Marino - Great General Council
Sao Tome and Principe - National Assembly
Saudi Arabia - Majlis Al Shura
Senegal - National Assembly
Serbia - National Assembly
Seychelles - National Assembly
Sierra Leone - Parliament
Singapore - Parliament
Slovakia - National Council
Slovenia - National Assembly, National Council
Solomon Islands - National Parliament
Somalia - Transitional Federal Parliament
South Africa - Parliament - cape town has parliament, supreme court in Bloemfontein, and the seat of Govt is in Pretoria
Spain - Congress of Deputies, Senate - called as Cortes
Sri Lanka - Parliament
Sudan - Majlis Watani
Suriname - National Assembly
Swaziland - Parliament - Libandla
Sweden - Riksdagen
Switzerland - Federal Assembly
Syrian Arab Republic - Poeple's Council
Taiwan: Li fa Yuan
Tajikistan - Majlisi Oli, Majlisi Milli
Thailand - National Assembly, Senate - Ratha Sapha
Timor Leste - Parliament
Republic of Macedonia - Assembly of the Republic
Togo - National Assembly
Tonga - Legislative Assembly - Fale Alea
Trinidad and Tobago - Parliament
Tunisia - Chamber of Deputies
Turkey - Grand National Assembly
Turkmenistan - Parliament
Tuvalu - Parliament
Uganda - Parliament
Ukraine - Parliament
United Arab Emirates - Federal National Council
United Kingdom - Parliament, British Group of IPU
United Republic of Tanzania - National Assembly
United States of America - Congress, Senate, House of Representatives
Uruguay - Parliament, Chamber of Deputies
Uzbekistan - Supreme Council, Senate - called as Oliy Majlis
Vanuatu - Parliament
Venezuela - National Assembly
Vietnam - National Assembly - Quoc Hoi
Yemen - House of Representatives
Zambia - National Assembly
Zimbabwe - Parliament
European Union: European Parliament
Internationally Not-Recognized Entities
Kosovo: Kuvendi
Northern Cyprus: Temsilciler Meclisi
Palestine: National Council
Sahara: National Assembly
European Parliament Seat - Strasbourg - it splits between Brussels and Strasbourg, the European Commission is moslty in Brussels and the European Court of Justice for the EC is in Luxembourg
Father of Trias Politica - Montesquieu- he based his theory of the Trias Politica on the English philosopher Locke's strict separation of the legislative and executive powers. Montesquieu added the judiciary
Albania - Kurendi Popullor
Algeria - National People's Assembly, Council of the Nation
Andorra - General Council
Angola - National Assembly
Antigua and Barbuda - Parliament
Argentina - Congress of the Nation, Senate, Chamber of Deputies
Armenia - Parliament - Azgayin Zhoghov
Australia - Parliament - Australian Parliament House (Representative and Senate)
Austria - Parliament
Azerbaijan - Milli Mejlis - also called as Azerbaidjan
Bahamas - Parliament -Bahamas Condo and Villa Vacations
Bahrain - Majlis-al-shurah, Majlis-al-Nuwab
Bangladesh - Parliament - Jatiya Samsada
Barbados - Parliament
Belarus - Council of the Republic, House of the Representatives
Belgium - Parliament, Chamber of Deputies, Senate
Belize - House of Representatives, Senate
Benin - National Assembly
Bhutan - National Assembly - Tshogdu
Bolivia - National Congress
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Skupstina
Bostwana - National Assembly
Brazil - Chamber of Deputies, Federal Senate, Interlegis - Parliamento Latinoamerico
Bulgaria - National Assembly
Burkina Faso - National Assembly
Burma - People's Assembly - Pyithu Hluttaw
Burundi - Senate
Cambodia - National Assembly, Senate
Cameroon - National Assembly
Canada - Parliament
Cape Verde - National Assembly
Central Africal Republic - National Assembly
Chad - National Assembly
Chile - National Congress, Chamber of Deputies, Senate
China - National People's Congress
Colombia - Chamber of Representatives, Senate
Comoros -Assembly of the Union
Congo - National Assembly
Costa Rica - Legislative Assembly
Cote D I'voire - National Assembly
Croatia - Parliament - called as Sabor
Cuba - National Assembly of the People's Power
Cyprus - House of Representatives
Czech Republic - Chamber of Deputies, Senate
Democratic People's Republic of Korea - Supreme People's Assembly
Democratic Republic of Congo - Parliament
Denmark - Parliament - Folketinget - only one chamber
Dijbouti - National Assembly
Dominica - House of the Assembly
Dominican Assembly - Chamber of Deputies, Senate
Equador - National Assembly
Egypt - People's Assembly, Shoura Assembly
El Salvador - Legislative Assembly
Equitorial Guinea - House of the Represetative of the People
Eritrea - National Assembly - Hagerawi Baito
Estonia - Parliament - called as Riigikogu
Ethiopia - Parliament - called as Shengo
Finland - Parliament - called as Eduskunta
France - National Assembly, Senate
Gabon - Senate, National Assembly
The Gambia - National Assembly
Georgia - Parliament
Germany - Federal Diet (Bundestag), Bundesrat (the parliament building is called Reichstag)
Ghana - Parliament
Greece - Chamber of Deputies
Greenland - Landsting
Grenada - House of Representatives, Senate
Guatemala - Congress of the Republic
Guinea - National Assembly
Guinea - Bissau - National People's Assembly
Guyana - National Assembly
Haiti - Parliament
Honduras - National Congress
Hungary - National Assembly - called as Országgyüles
Iceland - parliament - called as Althing
India - Parliament - called as sansad with Lok sabha and Rajya sabha
Indonesia - House of Representatives - people's Consultative Assembly- called as Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat
Islamic Republic of Iran - Islamic Consultative Assembly
Iraq - Transitional National Assembly
Republic of Ireland - Parliament- called as Oireachatas
Israel - Parliamemt - called as Knesset
Italy - Parliament, Chamber of Deputies, Senate
Jamaica - Parliament
Japan - House of Representatives, House of Councillors - called as Diet
Jordan - Parliament
Kazakhstan - Parliament - called as Kenges
Kenya - National Assembly - called as Bunge
Kiribati - House of Assembly
Kuwait - National Assembly
Kyrgyztan - Supreme Council - Jogurku Kenesh
People's Democratic Republic of Laos - National Assembly - Sapha Heng Xat
Latvia - Parliament - Saeima
Lebanon - National Assembly
Lesotho - Parliament
Liberia - Transitional Legislative Assembly
Libyan Arab Jamahiria - General People's Congress
Liechtenstein - Diet - called as Landtag
Lithuania - Parliament - Seimas
Luxembourg - Chamber of Deputies
Madagascar - National Assembly
Malawi - National Assembly
Malaysia - Parliament
Maldives - People's Majlis
Mali - National Assembly
Malta - House of Representatives
Marshall Islands - Parliament - Nitijela
Mauritius - National Assembly
Mexico - Chamber of Deputies, Senate
Micronesia - Congress
Monaco - National Council
Mongolia - State Great Hural and Little Hural
Montenegro - Parliament - called as Skupstina
Morocco - Majlis Nawab, Majlis-al-Mustacharin
Mozambique - Assembly of the Republic
Namibia - Parliament
Nauru - Parliament
Nepal - Parliament - Sansad
Netherlands - Parliament, Tweedy Kamer(House of Representatives), States General - in the city of Hague is the seat of Govt though the official capital is Amsterdam
New Zealand - House of Representatives
Nicaragua - National Assembly
Niger - National Assembly
Nigeria - National Assembly
Norway - Storting
Oman - Majlis A'Shura, Majlis Al Dawla
Pakistan - Senate, National Assembly
Palau -House of Delegates, Senate
Panama - Legislative Assembly
Papua New Guinea - National Parliament
Paraguay - Chamber of Deputies, Senate
Peru - Congress of the Republic
Philippines - House of Representatives, Senate
Poland - Diet, Senate - called as Sejm
Portugal - Assembly of the Republic
Qatar - Majlis Al Shura
Republic of Korea - National Assembly - called as Kuk Hoe
Republic of Moldovo - Parliament
Romania - House of Deputies, Senate
Russian Federation - State Duma, Council of Federation
Rwanda - Parliament
Saint Kitts and Nevis - National Assembly
Saint Lucia - Parliament
Saint Vincent and Grenadines - House of Assembly
Samoa - Legislative Assembly - Fono
San Marino - Great General Council
Sao Tome and Principe - National Assembly
Saudi Arabia - Majlis Al Shura
Senegal - National Assembly
Serbia - National Assembly
Seychelles - National Assembly
Sierra Leone - Parliament
Singapore - Parliament
Slovakia - National Council
Slovenia - National Assembly, National Council
Solomon Islands - National Parliament
Somalia - Transitional Federal Parliament
South Africa - Parliament - cape town has parliament, supreme court in Bloemfontein, and the seat of Govt is in Pretoria
Spain - Congress of Deputies, Senate - called as Cortes
Sri Lanka - Parliament
Sudan - Majlis Watani
Suriname - National Assembly
Swaziland - Parliament - Libandla
Sweden - Riksdagen
Switzerland - Federal Assembly
Syrian Arab Republic - Poeple's Council
Taiwan: Li fa Yuan
Tajikistan - Majlisi Oli, Majlisi Milli
Thailand - National Assembly, Senate - Ratha Sapha
Timor Leste - Parliament
Republic of Macedonia - Assembly of the Republic
Togo - National Assembly
Tonga - Legislative Assembly - Fale Alea
Trinidad and Tobago - Parliament
Tunisia - Chamber of Deputies
Turkey - Grand National Assembly
Turkmenistan - Parliament
Tuvalu - Parliament
Uganda - Parliament
Ukraine - Parliament
United Arab Emirates - Federal National Council
United Kingdom - Parliament, British Group of IPU
United Republic of Tanzania - National Assembly
United States of America - Congress, Senate, House of Representatives
Uruguay - Parliament, Chamber of Deputies
Uzbekistan - Supreme Council, Senate - called as Oliy Majlis
Vanuatu - Parliament
Venezuela - National Assembly
Vietnam - National Assembly - Quoc Hoi
Yemen - House of Representatives
Zambia - National Assembly
Zimbabwe - Parliament
European Union: European Parliament
Internationally Not-Recognized Entities
Kosovo: Kuvendi
Northern Cyprus: Temsilciler Meclisi
Palestine: National Council
Sahara: National Assembly
European Parliament Seat - Strasbourg - it splits between Brussels and Strasbourg, the European Commission is moslty in Brussels and the European Court of Justice for the EC is in Luxembourg
Father of Trias Politica - Montesquieu- he based his theory of the Trias Politica on the English philosopher Locke's strict separation of the legislative and executive powers. Montesquieu added the judiciary
Thursday, March 29, 2007
Indian Economy
Some of the most important salient features of the Indian economy - this blog mostly deals with the information from the yearly economic survey of India. Hope the information here is useful and up-to-date.
General Overview
GDP at factor cost - at current prices - 37 lakh crores (14.4 percent growth - 13.8)
GDP at factor cost - at 1999-2000 prices - 28.44 lakh crores (9.2 percent growth - 9.0)
GDP at market prices - at current prices - 41 lakh crores (15 percent growth - 14.1)
GNP at factor cost - at current prices - 36 lakh crores (14.5 and 13.8)
GNP at factor cost - at 1999-2000 prices - 28.22 lakh crores (9.4 and 9.0)
Tax-GDP ratio - 11.2 percent increase (10.3 in the previous year)
Food grain production - 209.2 million tonnes - 0.3 percent increase
Cotton production - 21 million bales - 13.5 percent increase
production of wheat and pulses increased by 4.5 and 8.2 percent
Sugarcane - 270 million tonnes - 16.8 percent increase
coarse grains and oilseeds are having low production this year than the previous year
Production is expected to improve in plantation crops (coffee, tea and rubber); livestock and poultry products; horticulture products; and dairy and fisheries
Pulses were brought within the ambit of Technology Mission on Oilseeds in 1990 andthe centrally sponsored scheme of Integrated Scheme of Oilseeds, Pulses, Oilpalm and Maize (ISPPOM) is being implemented in major pulses-growing States with effect from April 2004
Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation gives the food production estimates.
Index of industrial production - IIP- 239 - 10.8 percent increase
electricity, coal, steel, crude oil,petroleum refinery products, and cement, with a weight of 27 per cent in IIP
Electricity generated - 493.1 Billion KWh - 7.5 percent increase
Whole sale price index- WPI - 209.2 - 6.7 percent increase
Consumer price index for industrial workers - CPI-IW - 588 - 6.9 percent increase
Money supply - Broad money - M3 - 3 lakh crores - 21.1 percent increase
Reserve Money - M0 -
Money Multiplier - M3/M0 - 4.79 percent increase
imports - 1.31 million dollars (5.98 lakh crores ) - 40.6 percent increase
exports - .89 million dollars (4.08 lakh crores) - 40.6 percent increase
Foreign currency assets - 1.72 million dollars (7.08 lakh crores) - 29.7 percent increase
Forex reserver - 185.1 Billion dollars
Exchange rate - 45.48 - (-2.7 increase)
Repo rate - 7.5
Reverse Repo rate - 6.0
CRR - 6.0
Bank Rate is 6.0 percent
Growth in
Agri - 2.7 (2006-2007 AE) 6.0 (2005-2006 QE)
Industry - 10.0 and 9.6 (Manufacturing 11.3 and 9.1, Mining 4.5 and 3.6, elec, gas and water 7.7 and .3, Construction 9.4 and 14.2)
Services - 11.2 and 9.8
The revival in gross domestic capital formation (GDCF) that commenced in 2002-03 has been
followed by a sharp rise in the rate of investment in the economy for four consecutive years
Gross Domestic Savings - 32.4 percent increase
Gross Domestic Capital Formation or Gross Domestic Investment - 33.8 percent increase
Gross Fixed capital Formation - 28.1 percent increase
State Trading Corporation, the parastatal
National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation (NAFED) purchased urad and moong overseas
Current account deficit mainly due to the high prices of oil.
The UN World Tourism Organisation, in January 2007, has noted the ‘emergence’ of South Asia as a tourist destination, with remarkable growth of 10 per cent in tourist arrivals in 2006
external assistance and external commercial borrowing (ECBs) — two major debt-creating flows
India with a market capitalization of 91.5 per cent of GDP on January 12, 2007 compared favourably not only with emerging market economies but also with Japan (96 per cent) and South Korea (94.1 per cent).
The notification of the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act (FRBMA) 2003, with effect from July 5, 2004
private final consumption expenditure (PFCE) - is declining to 58.7 percent of GDP but the Government final consumption expenditure (GFCE) increased to 11.5 percent of GDP
demographic dividend (from a growing proportion of the population in the working age General Review 15 group)
National Council of Applied Economic Research estimates tourism’s contribution towards GDP
(both direct and indirect) in India at only 5.90 per cent
the setting up of a US $ 5 billion fund to finance Indian infrastructure on February 15, 2007 by four major financial institutions (Citigroup, Blackstone,Infrastructure Development and Finance
Corporation and India Infrastructure Finance Company)
The programme of linking self-help groups (SHG) of the rural poor with the banking system
(SHG-Bank linkage), to strengthen the credit delivery in rural areas was launched in 1992
through NABARD as a pilot project and mainstreamed in 1996 (Similar to PMRY)
Public Finance:
All statistics by the Controller General of Accounts, Department of Expenditure, Ministry of Finance
2006-07(BE) 2.1(Revenue deficit) 0.2(primary deficit) 3.8 (Fiscal deficit) 57.0 (revenue deficit as a percentage of fiscal deficit) as percentage of GDP
Revenue reciepts = tax and non tax revenue = 3.27 l + 76000 = 4.03 lakh crores
revenue expediture = interest payments + subsidies + defence expenditure = 4.88 lakh crores
revenue deficit = revenue expenditure - revenue recieps = 84 727 crores
capital reciepts = recovery of loans + disinvenstment of PSUs + Borrowings and other liabilities = 1.60 lakh crores
capital expenditure = 75000 crores
total expenditure = capital expenditure + revenue expenditure = 5.63 lakh crores
Also, total expenditure = plan expenditure + non plan expenditure = 1.7 +3.9 = 5.6 lakh crores
Fiscal deficit = total expenditure - revenue reciepts - (capital reciepts - borrowings) = 1.48 lakh crores
primary deficit = fiscal deficit - interest payments (of the revenue expenditure) = 8600 crores
Also, primary deficit = primary deficit consumption + primary deficit investment
Direct taxes 5.1 percent of the GDP and 47.6 percent of the total tax revenue
(personal tax + income tax )
Indirect taxes - 52.1 percent of the total tax revenue and 5.6 percent of the GDP (customs duty + excise duty + service tax)
total tax revenue is 10.8 percent of the GDP
Service tax - increased from 3 to 99 started in 1994 service tax rate was 5 percent at the beginning in 1994 and now it has increased to 12 percent
The Constitution requires revenue and capital expenditures to be shown separately in the budget. Article 112 (2) The same provision is repeated under Article 202 under the State Section
Total outstanding liabilities = internal liabilities + external debt - 60.3 percent of the GDP
net liabilities = total outstanding liabilities - amount due to pak on account of share of pre-partition debt
Traditionally, India has followed a cash-based system for accounting and financial reportingIn July 2004, Office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India had commissioned a study on ConceptualFramework of Government Accounting System in India under Shri D. N. Ghosh Government Accounting StandardsAdvisory Board (GASAB) in the office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India and the Twelfth Finance commission also recommended the Accrual Accounting system
Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) and Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA) - performance audit was done on these by the CAG of India
revenue expenditure = plan + non-plan expenditure = (revenue account + capital account ) + (revenue account (interest payments+major subsidies + pensions) + capital account)
golden quadrilateral under National Rail Vikas Yojana
New Pension System (NPS) was operationalised from January 1,2004
An interim regulator, the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) from jan 1 2004
Monetary and banking Developments:the velocity of money (ratio of nominal GDP to the average M3 stock during the year)net foreign exchange assets (NFA) of the RBI continuedto be the main source of M0
the KCC Scheme introduced in August 1998 now has 642 lakh credit cards under the scheme
The Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF) was announced by Government in 1995-96 to boost public sector investment in agriculture and rural infrastructure. Now RIFD XII is running for the year 2006-07
Capital and Commodities Market:
According to the number of transactions,
NSE continued to occupy the third position among the world’s biggest exchanges in 2006, as in the previous three years. BSE occupied the sixth position in 2006, slipping one position from 2005 (Table 4.5). In terms of listed companies, the BSE ranks first in the world.
NSADAQ and NYSE are the top two stock markets in the world according to the number of transactions
As on January 12, 2007, market capitalisation (NSE) at US$834 billion was 91.5 per cent of GDP
Market capitalisation in terms of GDP indicates the relative size of the capital market, besides investor confidence and discounted future earnings of the corporate 74 Economic Survey 2006-2007 sector
General Overview
GDP at factor cost - at current prices - 37 lakh crores (14.4 percent growth - 13.8)
GDP at factor cost - at 1999-2000 prices - 28.44 lakh crores (9.2 percent growth - 9.0)
GDP at market prices - at current prices - 41 lakh crores (15 percent growth - 14.1)
GNP at factor cost - at current prices - 36 lakh crores (14.5 and 13.8)
GNP at factor cost - at 1999-2000 prices - 28.22 lakh crores (9.4 and 9.0)
Tax-GDP ratio - 11.2 percent increase (10.3 in the previous year)
Food grain production - 209.2 million tonnes - 0.3 percent increase
Cotton production - 21 million bales - 13.5 percent increase
production of wheat and pulses increased by 4.5 and 8.2 percent
Sugarcane - 270 million tonnes - 16.8 percent increase
coarse grains and oilseeds are having low production this year than the previous year
Production is expected to improve in plantation crops (coffee, tea and rubber); livestock and poultry products; horticulture products; and dairy and fisheries
Pulses were brought within the ambit of Technology Mission on Oilseeds in 1990 andthe centrally sponsored scheme of Integrated Scheme of Oilseeds, Pulses, Oilpalm and Maize (ISPPOM) is being implemented in major pulses-growing States with effect from April 2004
Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation gives the food production estimates.
Index of industrial production - IIP- 239 - 10.8 percent increase
electricity, coal, steel, crude oil,petroleum refinery products, and cement, with a weight of 27 per cent in IIP
Electricity generated - 493.1 Billion KWh - 7.5 percent increase
Whole sale price index- WPI - 209.2 - 6.7 percent increase
Consumer price index for industrial workers - CPI-IW - 588 - 6.9 percent increase
Money supply - Broad money - M3 - 3 lakh crores - 21.1 percent increase
Reserve Money - M0 -
Money Multiplier - M3/M0 - 4.79 percent increase
imports - 1.31 million dollars (5.98 lakh crores ) - 40.6 percent increase
exports - .89 million dollars (4.08 lakh crores) - 40.6 percent increase
Foreign currency assets - 1.72 million dollars (7.08 lakh crores) - 29.7 percent increase
Forex reserver - 185.1 Billion dollars
Exchange rate - 45.48 - (-2.7 increase)
Repo rate - 7.5
Reverse Repo rate - 6.0
CRR - 6.0
Bank Rate is 6.0 percent
Growth in
Agri - 2.7 (2006-2007 AE) 6.0 (2005-2006 QE)
Industry - 10.0 and 9.6 (Manufacturing 11.3 and 9.1, Mining 4.5 and 3.6, elec, gas and water 7.7 and .3, Construction 9.4 and 14.2)
Services - 11.2 and 9.8
The revival in gross domestic capital formation (GDCF) that commenced in 2002-03 has been
followed by a sharp rise in the rate of investment in the economy for four consecutive years
Gross Domestic Savings - 32.4 percent increase
Gross Domestic Capital Formation or Gross Domestic Investment - 33.8 percent increase
Gross Fixed capital Formation - 28.1 percent increase
State Trading Corporation, the parastatal
National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation (NAFED) purchased urad and moong overseas
Current account deficit mainly due to the high prices of oil.
The UN World Tourism Organisation, in January 2007, has noted the ‘emergence’ of South Asia as a tourist destination, with remarkable growth of 10 per cent in tourist arrivals in 2006
external assistance and external commercial borrowing (ECBs) — two major debt-creating flows
India with a market capitalization of 91.5 per cent of GDP on January 12, 2007 compared favourably not only with emerging market economies but also with Japan (96 per cent) and South Korea (94.1 per cent).
The notification of the Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act (FRBMA) 2003, with effect from July 5, 2004
private final consumption expenditure (PFCE) - is declining to 58.7 percent of GDP but the Government final consumption expenditure (GFCE) increased to 11.5 percent of GDP
demographic dividend (from a growing proportion of the population in the working age General Review 15 group)
National Council of Applied Economic Research estimates tourism’s contribution towards GDP
(both direct and indirect) in India at only 5.90 per cent
the setting up of a US $ 5 billion fund to finance Indian infrastructure on February 15, 2007 by four major financial institutions (Citigroup, Blackstone,Infrastructure Development and Finance
Corporation and India Infrastructure Finance Company)
The programme of linking self-help groups (SHG) of the rural poor with the banking system
(SHG-Bank linkage), to strengthen the credit delivery in rural areas was launched in 1992
through NABARD as a pilot project and mainstreamed in 1996 (Similar to PMRY)
Public Finance:
All statistics by the Controller General of Accounts, Department of Expenditure, Ministry of Finance
2006-07(BE) 2.1(Revenue deficit) 0.2(primary deficit) 3.8 (Fiscal deficit) 57.0 (revenue deficit as a percentage of fiscal deficit) as percentage of GDP
Revenue reciepts = tax and non tax revenue = 3.27 l + 76000 = 4.03 lakh crores
revenue expediture = interest payments + subsidies + defence expenditure = 4.88 lakh crores
revenue deficit = revenue expenditure - revenue recieps = 84 727 crores
capital reciepts = recovery of loans + disinvenstment of PSUs + Borrowings and other liabilities = 1.60 lakh crores
capital expenditure = 75000 crores
total expenditure = capital expenditure + revenue expenditure = 5.63 lakh crores
Also, total expenditure = plan expenditure + non plan expenditure = 1.7 +3.9 = 5.6 lakh crores
Fiscal deficit = total expenditure - revenue reciepts - (capital reciepts - borrowings) = 1.48 lakh crores
primary deficit = fiscal deficit - interest payments (of the revenue expenditure) = 8600 crores
Also, primary deficit = primary deficit consumption + primary deficit investment
Direct taxes 5.1 percent of the GDP and 47.6 percent of the total tax revenue
(personal tax + income tax )
Indirect taxes - 52.1 percent of the total tax revenue and 5.6 percent of the GDP (customs duty + excise duty + service tax)
total tax revenue is 10.8 percent of the GDP
Service tax - increased from 3 to 99 started in 1994 service tax rate was 5 percent at the beginning in 1994 and now it has increased to 12 percent
The Constitution requires revenue and capital expenditures to be shown separately in the budget. Article 112 (2) The same provision is repeated under Article 202 under the State Section
Total outstanding liabilities = internal liabilities + external debt - 60.3 percent of the GDP
net liabilities = total outstanding liabilities - amount due to pak on account of share of pre-partition debt
Traditionally, India has followed a cash-based system for accounting and financial reportingIn July 2004, Office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India had commissioned a study on ConceptualFramework of Government Accounting System in India under Shri D. N. Ghosh Government Accounting StandardsAdvisory Board (GASAB) in the office of the Comptroller and Auditor General of India and the Twelfth Finance commission also recommended the Accrual Accounting system
Accelerated Irrigation Benefit Programme (AIBP) and Sarva Siksha Abhiyan (SSA) - performance audit was done on these by the CAG of India
revenue expenditure = plan + non-plan expenditure = (revenue account + capital account ) + (revenue account (interest payments+major subsidies + pensions) + capital account)
golden quadrilateral under National Rail Vikas Yojana
New Pension System (NPS) was operationalised from January 1,2004
An interim regulator, the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) from jan 1 2004
Monetary and banking Developments:the velocity of money (ratio of nominal GDP to the average M3 stock during the year)net foreign exchange assets (NFA) of the RBI continuedto be the main source of M0
the KCC Scheme introduced in August 1998 now has 642 lakh credit cards under the scheme
The Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF) was announced by Government in 1995-96 to boost public sector investment in agriculture and rural infrastructure. Now RIFD XII is running for the year 2006-07
Capital and Commodities Market:
According to the number of transactions,
NSE continued to occupy the third position among the world’s biggest exchanges in 2006, as in the previous three years. BSE occupied the sixth position in 2006, slipping one position from 2005 (Table 4.5). In terms of listed companies, the BSE ranks first in the world.
NSADAQ and NYSE are the top two stock markets in the world according to the number of transactions
As on January 12, 2007, market capitalisation (NSE) at US$834 billion was 91.5 per cent of GDP
Market capitalisation in terms of GDP indicates the relative size of the capital market, besides investor confidence and discounted future earnings of the corporate 74 Economic Survey 2006-2007 sector
Sunday, March 25, 2007
Order of Precedence in India
This is the order of precedence that is followed in India
President (Abdul Kalam)
Vice President (Bhairon Singh Shekhawat)
Prime Minister (Manmohan Singh)
Governors of states (within their states)
Former Presidents R. Venkataraman (1987–1992)
Deputy Prime Minister (if existing)
Chief Justice of India (K. G. Balakrishnan); Speaker of the Lok Sabha (Somnath Chatterjee)
Union Cabinet Ministers; Chief Ministers of states (within their states); Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission; former Prime Ministers; Leaders of Opposition of the Lok Sabha (Lal Krishna Advani) and Rajya Sabha (Jaswant Singh)
Bharat Ratna awardees (Nelson Mandela (1990) Ravi Shankar (1999) Amartya Sen (1999) Lata Mangeshkar (2001) )
Ambassadors and High Commissioners accredited to India; Governors and Chief Ministers of states (outside their states)
Judges of the Supreme Court
Chief Election Commissioner (N. Gopalaswami); Comptroller and Auditor General of India (Vijayendra N. Kaul)
Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha (K. Rahman Khan); Deputy Chief Ministers of states; Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha (Charanjit Singh Atwal); Members of the Planning Commission; Ministers of State in the Union and Defence Ministry
Attorney General of India (Milon Banerjee); Cabinet Secretary; Lieutenant Governors (within their Union territory)
Chiefs of Staff holding the rank of full General or equivalent rank
Charanjit Singh Atwal
President (Abdul Kalam)
Vice President (Bhairon Singh Shekhawat)
Prime Minister (Manmohan Singh)
Governors of states (within their states)
Former Presidents R. Venkataraman (1987–1992)
Deputy Prime Minister (if existing)
Chief Justice of India (K. G. Balakrishnan); Speaker of the Lok Sabha (Somnath Chatterjee)
Union Cabinet Ministers; Chief Ministers of states (within their states); Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission; former Prime Ministers; Leaders of Opposition of the Lok Sabha (Lal Krishna Advani) and Rajya Sabha (Jaswant Singh)
Bharat Ratna awardees (Nelson Mandela (1990) Ravi Shankar (1999) Amartya Sen (1999) Lata Mangeshkar (2001) )
Ambassadors and High Commissioners accredited to India; Governors and Chief Ministers of states (outside their states)
Judges of the Supreme Court
Chief Election Commissioner (N. Gopalaswami); Comptroller and Auditor General of India (Vijayendra N. Kaul)
Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha (K. Rahman Khan); Deputy Chief Ministers of states; Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha (Charanjit Singh Atwal); Members of the Planning Commission; Ministers of State in the Union and Defence Ministry
Attorney General of India (Milon Banerjee); Cabinet Secretary; Lieutenant Governors (within their Union territory)
Chiefs of Staff holding the rank of full General or equivalent rank
Charanjit Singh Atwal
Sunday, February 25, 2007
Science and Technology
INSAT started in 1983 with the joint venture of the department of space, Doordarshan, All India Radio, Indian Metereological Department and the Department of Telecom
Human Genome project – 1990 – presence of 20-25 K genes in human chromosome. Chromosome 1 is the biggest. Contains 8% of genetic code with 3141 genes.
Pre consumption and pre natal diagnostic techniques prohibition of sex selection act - 1994
HOBIT – it is the dwarf form of Homo erectus discovered in Flores island of Indonesia
Chikunguniya – Aedis aegyptia is the name of the mostquito
Diclofenae – it is an anti inflammatory dfrug used to treat cattle in india it is banned since of the ill effects on the vultures feeding on the caracus of the cattle.
Birth rate of Japan – reduced to record low of 1.2 babies per woman. 2005 and in india its 3.5 babies per woman,
NSSO on the disabled placed the nation average of the disabled at 105 out of 100000 . kerala topped the list.
Rhinderpest – A Fatal virus disease that hits domestic cattle. India is declared free from Rhinderpest.
Gardasil – it is a first vaccine to prevent cervical cancer and own FDA approval.
HARRIET – 178 year old tortoise which helped Charles Darwin in giving his theory of evolution
Yuva –youth Unit for victrion aids – joint sponsored by naco, and Union ministry of youth affairs and sports
First Stem cell bank of the country – Chennai
Central drugs research institute – lucknow
HLL released 2 vaccines – Hivac – B and Tyfex for typhoid
According to WHO, one in 20 members effected by hepatitis b in india
Report on MMR – 407 per 100000 in 1997 and 301 per 100000 in 2003
2/3 of maternal deaths occurred in empowered action group states(Uttaranchal,UP,MP,chattisgarh,bihar,Jharkhand,Orissa and assam)
IMR – 80/10000 in 1991 and 58/1000 in 2003
DICOCCOM – it’s a wheat variety produced by ICAR which is suitable for diabetic patients
NANDROLONE – steroid with naturally occus in the human body in very small quantities. It is a single structure to test steron when used in high quantities increases the muscle mass of the athletes
The limit prescribed by IOC is 2 nanograms per milliliter
COPYCAT – the first cloned cat born in 2001
Micro raptor – gui – it is the ancestor of modern birds 125 million years ago it was a dinosaur
It later became the archeoptreys
GLLEVECK – it is an anti cancer drug of Novartis
Donye – pole – temple – Along – NE – temple is known for introducing environmental friendly rice cultivation
AIDS vax – the aid vaccine produced by ICMR
Brazil, Thailand, Uganda –free AIDS treatment
What are scramjets ?A: supersonic combustion ram jet ....the combustor being a supersonic one to give a very high efficiency... and ramjets are nothing but jets at supersonic speeds
What is Truth Serum test?A: Some process of narco - analytical test used for investigations
What is brain mapping?A: Neuroscience technique of mapping the brain into neuromappings
What is bio dynamic farming?A:Biodynamics is a method of agriculture which seeks to actively work with the health-giving forces of nature. It is the oldest non-chemical agricultural movement in the world
What are the different types of diabetes?A: Insulin - Dependent Diabetes Mallitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetis Mallitus and Gestational Diabetis
Human Genome project – 1990 – presence of 20-25 K genes in human chromosome. Chromosome 1 is the biggest. Contains 8% of genetic code with 3141 genes.
Pre consumption and pre natal diagnostic techniques prohibition of sex selection act - 1994
HOBIT – it is the dwarf form of Homo erectus discovered in Flores island of Indonesia
Chikunguniya – Aedis aegyptia is the name of the mostquito
Diclofenae – it is an anti inflammatory dfrug used to treat cattle in india it is banned since of the ill effects on the vultures feeding on the caracus of the cattle.
Birth rate of Japan – reduced to record low of 1.2 babies per woman. 2005 and in india its 3.5 babies per woman,
NSSO on the disabled placed the nation average of the disabled at 105 out of 100000 . kerala topped the list.
Rhinderpest – A Fatal virus disease that hits domestic cattle. India is declared free from Rhinderpest.
Gardasil – it is a first vaccine to prevent cervical cancer and own FDA approval.
HARRIET – 178 year old tortoise which helped Charles Darwin in giving his theory of evolution
Yuva –youth Unit for victrion aids – joint sponsored by naco, and Union ministry of youth affairs and sports
First Stem cell bank of the country – Chennai
Central drugs research institute – lucknow
HLL released 2 vaccines – Hivac – B and Tyfex for typhoid
According to WHO, one in 20 members effected by hepatitis b in india
Report on MMR – 407 per 100000 in 1997 and 301 per 100000 in 2003
2/3 of maternal deaths occurred in empowered action group states(Uttaranchal,UP,MP,chattisgarh,bihar,Jharkhand,Orissa and assam)
IMR – 80/10000 in 1991 and 58/1000 in 2003
DICOCCOM – it’s a wheat variety produced by ICAR which is suitable for diabetic patients
NANDROLONE – steroid with naturally occus in the human body in very small quantities. It is a single structure to test steron when used in high quantities increases the muscle mass of the athletes
The limit prescribed by IOC is 2 nanograms per milliliter
COPYCAT – the first cloned cat born in 2001
Micro raptor – gui – it is the ancestor of modern birds 125 million years ago it was a dinosaur
It later became the archeoptreys
GLLEVECK – it is an anti cancer drug of Novartis
Donye – pole – temple – Along – NE – temple is known for introducing environmental friendly rice cultivation
AIDS vax – the aid vaccine produced by ICMR
Brazil, Thailand, Uganda –free AIDS treatment
What are scramjets ?A: supersonic combustion ram jet ....the combustor being a supersonic one to give a very high efficiency... and ramjets are nothing but jets at supersonic speeds
What is Truth Serum test?A: Some process of narco - analytical test used for investigations
What is brain mapping?A: Neuroscience technique of mapping the brain into neuromappings
What is bio dynamic farming?A:Biodynamics is a method of agriculture which seeks to actively work with the health-giving forces of nature. It is the oldest non-chemical agricultural movement in the world
What are the different types of diabetes?A: Insulin - Dependent Diabetes Mallitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetis Mallitus and Gestational Diabetis
More Personalities and Heads Contdd.
Secretary general of Rajya Sabha – Yogender Narayan
Sec Gen of Lok Sabha - PDT Acharya
Deputy chairman of RS – Rehman Khan
Chairman of Scientific advisory council to PM and chairman of IITs– CNR Rao
Union cabinet Sec. BK chaturvedi
Saina Nehwal – Badminton – 4 star bad tournament first Indian woman tro win and Phillippens open
Arundhati roy – nominated for the Spanish prince of Astuaries 2006
Kim Wu Choong – of Hyundia who was involved in the corruption charges
Cederick Prakash – the founder director of Prashanth and Ahmedabad based Human rights Org
Awarded the france highest civilan award for 2005 Legion De Honor
Zadie Smith – Orange Prize – “on beauty”
“white teeth” and “autograph man”
Bhumipal Adulyatez – King of Thailand for 60 years.
Dalai lama – 14th one at present – Tenzing gyatso – US Senate has announced the congregation gold medal that is the countires highest civilan honour
Anuradha Mohit – Nominated by UN high Commission for human rights as the global representative of national human rights institute in UN
Verghese Kurian – White revolution – resigned as the chairman on IRMA – Institute of rural management – Anand
Rona Jain Dutta – resigned from the psot of president of Air Sahara and now replaced by Alok Sharma.
VK Krishna Menon – freedom fighter and former defence minister – dfied rencently
Peery sonn-new chairperson of international criminal court.
Amertro maresmo-first French women to win wimbeldon in 81 years.
Nirupama sen – india’s permanent reprensentative to UN
Principal Secretary to the PM – TKA Nair
Tasrima Nasreen - Grand Prix International Condorcet-Aron 2005, from the French-Parliament in Belgium, 2005
R Laxmipati – chairman of PTI and is the publisher of the tamil daily Dina Malar
Anand Satyananda – elected as NZ governor general
Forbes list of Top woman:
1. Angela Merkel
2. Condoleezza Rice
3. Wu Yi
4. Indra Nooyi
Envoy to china – nirupama rao replaced nalin suri
Justice PN Bhagwati – elected for the fourth term to the UN HRC
Irom sharmila chanu – human right activist agitated against the armed forces special power act
Powerful business women(fortune magazine)
ICICI – Dy MD – chanda kochar(37th position)
HSBC – ind. CEO - naina lal kidwai(41st )
Biocon CMD – kiran mazumdar(45th )
John hanson baur – Norwegian special envoy on peace talks between LTTE n sri lanka
Yasushi Akashi – Japanese special envoy for talks with LTTE and SL government
Tamil chevelam – LTTE chief
Hans Bratskar – norways ambassador to sl
He mediated w.r.t to Brussels declaration of sep 12 of 2006
Ispek calisper – faced conviction on charges of insulting the founder of modern tuykey Mustafa kemal Ataturk.
Madan jith singh – us good will ambassador and founder pf South asia foundation UNESCO madan jith prize given for promotion of non violence and tolerance – ananda sanghavia of sl got this prize
Jimmy Carter- previous president of US – initiated the Habitat for humanity in india
Chandrika kumara tunga appointed senior advisor to UNESCO in the matters related to advancement of education in south asia minus SL.
Alok Mehta – president of editors guild of india
CMD of Air India _Tulsi das
Surendra Patil – eminent Indian scientist and a civil servant
His works include the inda we want – essays in economic transition Indian economy towards 21 century
Dr k Kasturitrangan is appointed as the Pope Benedict XVI as an academician of the pontifical academy of sciences
Gherald Ford – died – former US president
Shemon Perize – deputy PM of Isreal – nobel peace prize in 1994
The longest serving member of Knesset
Arun Gandhi – director of Tata sons
Jose Bove – a French anti globalization campaigner contesting for French presidency
Martin Ahtisaari – UN Negotiator in KOSovo
S Rangarajan – Kasturi Sons Chairman 1974 – 2005
Publisher of Hindu
Serigvenov – Russian defence minister promoted to first Deputy PM
Maria sharapova –goodwill ambassador for UNDP
Mark inglis – (new Zealand) –scaled the Everest
Barack Hussein Obama (born August 4, 1961; is the junior United States Senator from Illinois. According to the U.S. Senate Historical Office, he is the fifth African American Senator in U.S. history and the only African American currently serving in the U.S. Senate.[1] He is a candidate for the Democratic Party's 2008 presidential nomination.[2]
Ali larijani – chief nuclear negotiator
Dr chitra baurch – chief of BBC – the first women Indian
Claude schwab – founder of world economic forum
Neha hotchandani –first Indian women to enter US army
Ashbinder singh –UN environmental program .he was the author of one planet –many people .he was awarded union -24 award for improving the working standard of UNEP
who is the speaker of commonwealth parlimentry committee?A: HA.Halim-speaker of west bengal
Who is the head of national institute of advanced studies?A: K Kasturirangan
Who is the head of RAW?A: Ashok Chaturvedi (the former chief is PKH Thaparan)
Who was the 2nd Sarsanghachalak of RSS?A: MS Gowalkar - Shri Guruji
Who is Asma Jahangir?A: Human rights activist and a lawyer in pakistan and the founder of a law practise there
Who was the first foreigner to lead an Indian unit for the republic day parade?A: Ismail Tunk from Malaysia. he lead the 62 cavalry of Jaipur
Who is Ajeet Bajaj?A: the Indian to reach both the north pole and the south pole this year
Who is S K Poddar?A: Indian Industrialist, Former FICCI president and Gillette Chairman
Who is PC Haldar?A: New Director, Intelligence Bureau after ESL NarasimhamWho is the new head FICCI?A: Habil Khorakiwala
Who was VD Savarkar?A: Hinduvata propagandist and the prime alleged in the killing of Mahatma Gandhi
Who is ECG Sudarshan?A: Indo Americal Physist from Kerala.
Whos is the present head of Muslim personal law board?A: Hazrat Maulana Syed Mohammad
Rabe Hasani Nadwi
Which committee enquired the MPLADS scam and the cash for question scam?A: Parliamentary committee headed by V. Kishore Chandra S. Dev
Who is the CM of Sikkim?A: pawan chamling
Who is the Israeli president who is facing charges on rape?A: Moshe Katzav
Who is the head of SBI?A: Om Prakash Bhatt - Chairman. SBI is under RBI as of now and may go into the hands of the government
Who was the Armenian journalist shot dead recently for condemning the Armenian genocide by Turkey?A: Dink
Who is the head of Tata steels?A: Ratan Tata, MD of Tata Steel is Muthuraman
Who is the head of HAMAS?A: Khaled Mashaal and Ismail Haniya
Who is the PM of PoK?A: Attitque Khan
On Sept 29, 2006, who became the first female space tourist, first Muslim to go in space and the first Iranian in orbit ? - ANUSHEH ANSARI
who was the first person as space tourist? dennis tito..
what was the name of the korean scientist who created a hoax report on stem cell research?
hwang woo suk
who became the first indian senator in US?
first US senator- its satveer chowdary.. year 2000..
what's the name of doctor who performed 1st(minor) surgery in space?
dominique martin - doctor - surgery.. (not sure)
Who is the first to recive all 4 Highest civilian awards...(i.e. PadamShri, PadmBhushan, PadmVibhushan & BharatRatn)
Satyajit Ray and the second is Bismillah Khan
who is the chairman of ISRO telematry,Tracking and Command Network(ISTRAC)?
S.K. Shivakumar
Head,commonwealth-Queen Elizabeth II
Reverend Astley Cooper (in 1891),proposed c'wealth games concept when he wrote an article in `The Times'
whos's CFO Tata Steel?
kaushik chatterje
Where did bulldozer revolution take place?
its the 5th october overthrow of the President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Milosevic in 2000...
Takamoto..........is the person who designed scooby doo
Chairman and Managing Direc. UTI:U.K. Sinha
chief executive of CAIRN ENERGY is:Sir Bill Gammell
Cairn Energy PLC is an independent, public oil and gas exploration and production company based in Edinburgh, Scotland
yasin ramadan is to be executed by hanging...iraqi vice president i think
since he is accused in a case, the acting president now is Dalia Itzik - isreal
Vaclav HAVAL is the first president of the Czech republic.
the first chairman of the petroleum and gas regulatory authority is SC Tripathi and this authority will be coming into force from july 2007
cmd of ntpc is snkaralingam....rs sharma lost his post as chirman ongc and nhai chairman is lk joshi
Peter Benenson is the founder of Amnesty International
the President of Fiji is Josefa Iloilo and the Prime minister for now is the Military coup leader Frank Bainimarama..
Feb 19(6 days ago) alberto fujimori has the citizenship of peru and japan..............but he is now in chile and peru is seeking his extradition
Csir head i Mr prAKASH
Chanda Shroff won the Rolex Award in 2006. She had set up a mobile resource centre to showcase and teach Kutchi embroidery so as to revive the ethnic Indian tradition.
rafel correa is the president of ecuador...i think he was elected recently
rafael correa is a good economist
name the prominent scientist who carried out dakshin gangotri expedition..
lakshman singh rathore
List The Indian Novel Winner N Details.
International red cross has got it 3 times........
UN high commission for refugees has won two times.........
The Miss International 2007 competition will be held July 27th and 28th, 2007 at Chicago Miss Venezuela, Daniela Di Giacomo 2006 winner
Where was Vijay Nambiar selected?A: Chief of Staff of the New Secretary General, UN
who is the only muslim to be awarded with param vir chakra
Hawaldar Abdul Hamid in 1965.
Sec Gen of Lok Sabha - PDT Acharya
Deputy chairman of RS – Rehman Khan
Chairman of Scientific advisory council to PM and chairman of IITs– CNR Rao
Union cabinet Sec. BK chaturvedi
Saina Nehwal – Badminton – 4 star bad tournament first Indian woman tro win and Phillippens open
Arundhati roy – nominated for the Spanish prince of Astuaries 2006
Kim Wu Choong – of Hyundia who was involved in the corruption charges
Cederick Prakash – the founder director of Prashanth and Ahmedabad based Human rights Org
Awarded the france highest civilan award for 2005 Legion De Honor
Zadie Smith – Orange Prize – “on beauty”
“white teeth” and “autograph man”
Bhumipal Adulyatez – King of Thailand for 60 years.
Dalai lama – 14th one at present – Tenzing gyatso – US Senate has announced the congregation gold medal that is the countires highest civilan honour
Anuradha Mohit – Nominated by UN high Commission for human rights as the global representative of national human rights institute in UN
Verghese Kurian – White revolution – resigned as the chairman on IRMA – Institute of rural management – Anand
Rona Jain Dutta – resigned from the psot of president of Air Sahara and now replaced by Alok Sharma.
VK Krishna Menon – freedom fighter and former defence minister – dfied rencently
Peery sonn-new chairperson of international criminal court.
Amertro maresmo-first French women to win wimbeldon in 81 years.
Nirupama sen – india’s permanent reprensentative to UN
Principal Secretary to the PM – TKA Nair
Tasrima Nasreen - Grand Prix International Condorcet-Aron 2005, from the French-Parliament in Belgium, 2005
R Laxmipati – chairman of PTI and is the publisher of the tamil daily Dina Malar
Anand Satyananda – elected as NZ governor general
Forbes list of Top woman:
1. Angela Merkel
2. Condoleezza Rice
3. Wu Yi
4. Indra Nooyi
Envoy to china – nirupama rao replaced nalin suri
Justice PN Bhagwati – elected for the fourth term to the UN HRC
Irom sharmila chanu – human right activist agitated against the armed forces special power act
Powerful business women(fortune magazine)
ICICI – Dy MD – chanda kochar(37th position)
HSBC – ind. CEO - naina lal kidwai(41st )
Biocon CMD – kiran mazumdar(45th )
John hanson baur – Norwegian special envoy on peace talks between LTTE n sri lanka
Yasushi Akashi – Japanese special envoy for talks with LTTE and SL government
Tamil chevelam – LTTE chief
Hans Bratskar – norways ambassador to sl
He mediated w.r.t to Brussels declaration of sep 12 of 2006
Ispek calisper – faced conviction on charges of insulting the founder of modern tuykey Mustafa kemal Ataturk.
Madan jith singh – us good will ambassador and founder pf South asia foundation UNESCO madan jith prize given for promotion of non violence and tolerance – ananda sanghavia of sl got this prize
Jimmy Carter- previous president of US – initiated the Habitat for humanity in india
Chandrika kumara tunga appointed senior advisor to UNESCO in the matters related to advancement of education in south asia minus SL.
Alok Mehta – president of editors guild of india
CMD of Air India _Tulsi das
Surendra Patil – eminent Indian scientist and a civil servant
His works include the inda we want – essays in economic transition Indian economy towards 21 century
Dr k Kasturitrangan is appointed as the Pope Benedict XVI as an academician of the pontifical academy of sciences
Gherald Ford – died – former US president
Shemon Perize – deputy PM of Isreal – nobel peace prize in 1994
The longest serving member of Knesset
Arun Gandhi – director of Tata sons
Jose Bove – a French anti globalization campaigner contesting for French presidency
Martin Ahtisaari – UN Negotiator in KOSovo
S Rangarajan – Kasturi Sons Chairman 1974 – 2005
Publisher of Hindu
Serigvenov – Russian defence minister promoted to first Deputy PM
Maria sharapova –goodwill ambassador for UNDP
Mark inglis – (new Zealand) –scaled the Everest
Barack Hussein Obama (born August 4, 1961; is the junior United States Senator from Illinois. According to the U.S. Senate Historical Office, he is the fifth African American Senator in U.S. history and the only African American currently serving in the U.S. Senate.[1] He is a candidate for the Democratic Party's 2008 presidential nomination.[2]
Ali larijani – chief nuclear negotiator
Dr chitra baurch – chief of BBC – the first women Indian
Claude schwab – founder of world economic forum
Neha hotchandani –first Indian women to enter US army
Ashbinder singh –UN environmental program .he was the author of one planet –many people .he was awarded union -24 award for improving the working standard of UNEP
who is the speaker of commonwealth parlimentry committee?A: HA.Halim-speaker of west bengal
Who is the head of national institute of advanced studies?A: K Kasturirangan
Who is the head of RAW?A: Ashok Chaturvedi (the former chief is PKH Thaparan)
Who was the 2nd Sarsanghachalak of RSS?A: MS Gowalkar - Shri Guruji
Who is Asma Jahangir?A: Human rights activist and a lawyer in pakistan and the founder of a law practise there
Who was the first foreigner to lead an Indian unit for the republic day parade?A: Ismail Tunk from Malaysia. he lead the 62 cavalry of Jaipur
Who is Ajeet Bajaj?A: the Indian to reach both the north pole and the south pole this year
Who is S K Poddar?A: Indian Industrialist, Former FICCI president and Gillette Chairman
Who is PC Haldar?A: New Director, Intelligence Bureau after ESL NarasimhamWho is the new head FICCI?A: Habil Khorakiwala
Who was VD Savarkar?A: Hinduvata propagandist and the prime alleged in the killing of Mahatma Gandhi
Who is ECG Sudarshan?A: Indo Americal Physist from Kerala.
Whos is the present head of Muslim personal law board?A: Hazrat Maulana Syed Mohammad
Rabe Hasani Nadwi
Which committee enquired the MPLADS scam and the cash for question scam?A: Parliamentary committee headed by V. Kishore Chandra S. Dev
Who is the CM of Sikkim?A: pawan chamling
Who is the Israeli president who is facing charges on rape?A: Moshe Katzav
Who is the head of SBI?A: Om Prakash Bhatt - Chairman. SBI is under RBI as of now and may go into the hands of the government
Who was the Armenian journalist shot dead recently for condemning the Armenian genocide by Turkey?A: Dink
Who is the head of Tata steels?A: Ratan Tata, MD of Tata Steel is Muthuraman
Who is the head of HAMAS?A: Khaled Mashaal and Ismail Haniya
Who is the PM of PoK?A: Attitque Khan
On Sept 29, 2006, who became the first female space tourist, first Muslim to go in space and the first Iranian in orbit ? - ANUSHEH ANSARI
who was the first person as space tourist? dennis tito..
what was the name of the korean scientist who created a hoax report on stem cell research?
hwang woo suk
who became the first indian senator in US?
first US senator- its satveer chowdary.. year 2000..
what's the name of doctor who performed 1st(minor) surgery in space?
dominique martin - doctor - surgery.. (not sure)
Who is the first to recive all 4 Highest civilian awards...(i.e. PadamShri, PadmBhushan, PadmVibhushan & BharatRatn)
Satyajit Ray and the second is Bismillah Khan
who is the chairman of ISRO telematry,Tracking and Command Network(ISTRAC)?
S.K. Shivakumar
Head,commonwealth-Queen Elizabeth II
Reverend Astley Cooper (in 1891),proposed c'wealth games concept when he wrote an article in `The Times'
whos's CFO Tata Steel?
kaushik chatterje
Where did bulldozer revolution take place?
its the 5th october overthrow of the President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Milosevic in 2000...
Takamoto..........is the person who designed scooby doo
Chairman and Managing Direc. UTI:U.K. Sinha
chief executive of CAIRN ENERGY is:Sir Bill Gammell
Cairn Energy PLC is an independent, public oil and gas exploration and production company based in Edinburgh, Scotland
yasin ramadan is to be executed by hanging...iraqi vice president i think
since he is accused in a case, the acting president now is Dalia Itzik - isreal
Vaclav HAVAL is the first president of the Czech republic.
the first chairman of the petroleum and gas regulatory authority is SC Tripathi and this authority will be coming into force from july 2007
cmd of ntpc is snkaralingam....rs sharma lost his post as chirman ongc and nhai chairman is lk joshi
Peter Benenson is the founder of Amnesty International
the President of Fiji is Josefa Iloilo and the Prime minister for now is the Military coup leader Frank Bainimarama..
Feb 19(6 days ago) alberto fujimori has the citizenship of peru and japan..............but he is now in chile and peru is seeking his extradition
Csir head i Mr prAKASH
Chanda Shroff won the Rolex Award in 2006. She had set up a mobile resource centre to showcase and teach Kutchi embroidery so as to revive the ethnic Indian tradition.
rafel correa is the president of ecuador...i think he was elected recently
rafael correa is a good economist
name the prominent scientist who carried out dakshin gangotri expedition..
lakshman singh rathore
List The Indian Novel Winner N Details.
International red cross has got it 3 times........
UN high commission for refugees has won two times.........
The Miss International 2007 competition will be held July 27th and 28th, 2007 at Chicago Miss Venezuela, Daniela Di Giacomo 2006 winner
Where was Vijay Nambiar selected?A: Chief of Staff of the New Secretary General, UN
who is the only muslim to be awarded with param vir chakra
Hawaldar Abdul Hamid in 1965.
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